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Review
. 2020 Dec:290:198175.
doi: 10.1016/j.virusres.2020.198175. Epub 2020 Sep 29.

Zoonotic evolution and implications of microbiome in viral transmission and infection

Riya Rajeev  1 , R Prathiviraj  2 , George Seghal Kiran  3 , Joseph Selvin  4
Affiliations
Review

Zoonotic evolution and implications of microbiome in viral transmission and infection

Riya Rajeev et al. Virus Res. 2020 Dec.

Abstract

The outbreak and spread of new strains of coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) remain a global threat with increasing cases in affected countries. The evolutionary tree of SARS-CoV-2 revealed that Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome virus 2, which belongs to the Beta arterivirus genus from the Arteriviridae family is possibly the most ancient ancestral origin of SARS-CoV-2 and other Coronaviridae. This review focuses on phylogenomic distribution and evolutionary lineage of zoonotic viral cross-species transmission of the Coronaviridae family and the implications of bat microbiome in zoonotic viral transmission and infection. The review also casts light on the role of the human microbiome in predicting and controlling viral infections. The significance of microbiome-mediated interventions in the treatment of viral infections is also discussed. Finally, the importance of synthetic viruses in the study of viral evolution and transmission is highlighted.

Keywords: Covid-19; Human microbiome; Synthetic virus; Viral infection; Zoonotic evolution; Zoonotic infection.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no competing interests

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
A Phylogenomic distribution of zoonotic viral cross-species transmission of the Coronaviridae family. (A) Circular view of zoonotic viral transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from its origin, (B) Unrooted evolutionary tree, (C) graphical abstract view of transmission between animals to 2019-CoV. The phylogenomic tree was constructed using Neighbor joining method. Using the Maximum composite likelihood substitution model, the tree was generated with 1000 bootstrap replicates. Branch lengths are proportional based on the evolutionary distances. All selected Taxa, were classified and grouped into different color according to its genomic features of transmission.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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