ST-elevation myocardial infarction in nonagenarians: A nationwide analysis of trends and outcomes in the United States

Abstract

Objective: To assess ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) trends and outcomes in nonagenarians undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI) compared to medical management.

Background: Although nonagenarians (age greater than 90 years) represent the fast-growing age decade of the US population, limited evidence is available regarding trends and outcomes of treatment strategies for STEMI in this population cohort.

Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis using the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database to identify nonagenarians presenting with STEMI and treated with either pPCI or medical management. In-hospital mortality, in-hospital complications, length of stay and in-hospital costs were analyzed.

Results: Between 2010-2017, 41,042 STEMI hospitalizations were identified in nonagenarians, of which 11, 155 (27.2%) included pPCI whereas 29, 887 (72.8%) included medical management. STEMI hospitalizations among nonagenarians decreased over the study period. Overall unadjusted in-hospital mortality was 21.6%, and the hospitalizations that included pPCI had significantly lower mortality compared to the medical management (13.6% vs. 24.5%, p < .001). After adjusting for baseline characteristics, hospitalizations that included pPCI had 42.1% lower odds of in-hospital mortality (adjusted OR: 0.58, 95% CI: 0.50 to 0.67, p < .001). Altogether, in-hospital cardiac, bleeding and vascular complications, length of stay and in-hospital costs were higher in pPCI hospitalizations.

Conclusion: In nonagenarians, STEMI mortality is high, but pPCI is associated with superior outcomes compared to medical management alone. Therefore, pPCI can be considered an acceptable treatment strategy in this population.

Keywords: STEMI; nonagenarians; outcomes; pPCI; temporal trends.