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. 2020 Jun 8;11(7):3618-3632.
doi: 10.1364/BOE.394905. eCollection 2020 Jul 1.

Optical coherence tomography angiography to evaluate murine fetal brain vasculature changes caused by prenatal exposure to nicotine

Raksha Raghunathan  1 , Chih-Hao Liu  1 , Yogeshwari S Ambekar  1 , Manmohan Singh  1 , Rajesh C Miranda  2   3 , Kirill V Larin  1   4   5
Affiliations

Optical coherence tomography angiography to evaluate murine fetal brain vasculature changes caused by prenatal exposure to nicotine

Raksha Raghunathan et al. Biomed Opt Express. .

Abstract

Maternal smoking causes several defects ranging from intrauterine growth restriction to sudden infant death syndrome and spontaneous abortion. While several studies have documented the effects of prenatal nicotine exposure in development and behavior, acute vasculature changes in the fetal brain due to prenatal nicotine exposure have not been evaluated yet. This study uses correlation mapping optical coherence angiography to evaluate changes in fetal brain vasculature flow caused by maternal exposure to nicotine during the second trimester-equivalent of gestation in a mouse model. The effects of two different doses of nicotine were evaluated. Results showed a decrease in the vasculature for both doses of nicotine, which was not seen in the case of the sham group.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest related to this article.

Figures

Fig. 1.
Fig. 1.
2D MIP of cm-OCA images of fetal brain vasculature (a) before and (b) 45 minutes after maternal exposure to distilled water. The large dashed rectangle depicts the region of VAD and VLF quantifications whereas the small squares depicts the regions of VD quantifications.
Fig. 2.
Fig. 2.
2D MIP of cm-OCA images of fetal brain vasculature (a) before and (b) 45 minutes after maternal exposure to nicotine at a dose of 1 mg/kg. The large dashed rectangle depicts the region of VAD and VLF quantifications whereas the small squares depict the regions of VD quantifications.
Fig. 3.
Fig. 3.
2D MIP of cm-OCA images of fetal brain vasculature (a) before and (b) 45 minutes after maternal exposure to nicotine at a dose of 0.1 mg/kg. The large dashed rectangle depicts the region of VAD and VLF quantifications whereas the small squares depict the regions of VD quantifications.
Fig. 4.
Fig. 4.
Percentage change in (a) VAD, (b) VLF, and (c) VD after exposure, every 5 minutes for 45 minutes. The error bars represent the standard deviation.
Fig. 5.
Fig. 5.
Comparisons of the percentage change in (a) VAD, (b) VLF, and (c) VD at 45 minutes after maternal exposure to distilled water and nicotine at doses of 0.1 mg/kg and 1 mg/kg. The asterisk indicates statistical significance by a 2-sided Mann-Whitney U test.
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