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Review
. 2020 Sep 10:8:997.
doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00997. eCollection 2020.

Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: Opportunities and Challenges for Clinical Translation

Marie Maumus  1   2 , Pauline Rozier  1 , Jérémy Boulestreau  1 , Christian Jorgensen  1   3 , Danièle Noël  1   3
Affiliations
Review

Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: Opportunities and Challenges for Clinical Translation

Marie Maumus et al. Front Bioeng Biotechnol. .

Abstract

Extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes and microvesicles, derived from mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) exert similar effects as their parental cells, and are of interest for various therapeutic applications. EVs can act through uptake by the target cells followed by release of their cargo inside the cytoplasm, or through interaction of membrane-bound ligands with receptors expressed on target cells to stimulate downstream intracellular pathways. EV-based therapeutics may be directly used as substitutes of intact cells or after modification for targeted drug delivery. However, for the development of EV-based therapeutics, several production, isolation, and characterization requirements have to be met and the quality of the final product has to be tested before its clinical implementation. In this review, we discuss the challenges associated with the development of EV-based therapeutics and the regulatory specifications for their successful clinical translation.

Keywords: clinical translation; extracellular vesicles; mesenchymal stem cells; regenerative medicine; therapy.

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