doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.125.121106.
Features of the Energy Spectrum of Cosmic Rays above 2.5×10^{18} eV Using the Pierre Auger Observatory
A Aab
1
, P Abreu
2
, M Aglietta
3
4
, J M Albury
5
, I Allekotte
6
, A Almela
7
8
, J Alvarez Castillo
9
, J Alvarez-Muñiz
10
, R Alves Batista
1
, G A Anastasi
4
11
, L Anchordoqui
12
, B Andrada
7
, S Andringa
2
, C Aramo
13
, P R Araújo Ferreira
14
, H Asorey
7
, P Assis
2
, G Avila
15
16
, A M Badescu
17
, A Bakalova
18
, A Balaceanu
19
, F Barbato
13
20
, R J Barreira Luz
2
, K H Becker
21
, J A Bellido
5
, C Berat
22
, M E Bertaina
4
11
, X Bertou
6
, P L Biermann
23
, T Bister
14
, J Biteau
24
, A Blanco
2
, J Blazek
18
, C Bleve
22
, M Boháčová
18
, D Boncioli
25
26
, C Bonifazi
27
, L Bonneau Arbeletche
28
, N Borodai
29
, A M Botti
7
, J Brack
30
, T Bretz
14
, F L Briechle
14
, P Buchholz
31
, A Bueno
32
, S Buitink
33
, M Buscemi
34
35
, K S Caballero-Mora
36
, L Caccianiga
37
38
, L Calcagni
39
, A Cancio
7
8
, F Canfora
1
40
, I Caracas
21
, J M Carceller
32
, R Caruso
34
35
, A Castellina
3
4
, F Catalani
41
, G Cataldi
42
, L Cazon
2
, M Cerda
15
, J A Chinellato
43
, K Choi
10
, J Chudoba
18
, L Chytka
44
, R W Clay
5
, A C Cobos Cerutti
45
, R Colalillo
13
20
, A Coleman
46
, M R Coluccia
42
47
, R Conceição
2
, A Condorelli
26
48
, G Consolati
38
49
, F Contreras
15
16
, F Convenga
42
47
, C E Covault
50
51
, S Dasso
52
53
, K Daumiller
54
, B R Dawson
5
, J A Day
5
, R M de Almeida
55
, J de Jesús
7
54
, S J de Jong
1
40
, G De Mauro
1
40
, J R T de Mello Neto
27
56
, I De Mitri
26
48
, J de Oliveira
55
, D de Oliveira Franco
43
, V de Souza
57
, E De Vito
42
47
, J Debatin
58
, M Del Río
16
, O Deligny
24
, H Dembinski
54
, N Dhital
29
, C Di Giulio
59
60
, A Di Matteo
4
, M L Díaz Castro
43
, C Dobrigkeit
43
, J C D'Olivo
9
, Q Dorosti
31
, R C Dos Anjos
61
, M T Dova
39
, J Ebr
18
, R Engel
54
58
, I Epicoco
42
47
, M Erdmann
14
, C O Escobar
62
, A Etchegoyen
7
8
, H Falcke
1
40
63
, J Farmer
64
, G Farrar
65
, A C Fauth
43
, N Fazzini
62
, F Feldbusch
66
, F Fenu
4
11
, B Fick
67
, J M Figueira
7
, A Filipčič
68
69
, T Fodran
1
, M M Freire
70
, T Fujii
64
71
, A Fuster
7
8
, C Galea
1
, C Galelli
37
38
, B García
45
, A L Garcia Vegas
14
, H Gemmeke
66
, F Gesualdi
7
54
, A Gherghel-Lascu
19
, P L Ghia
24
, U Giaccari
1
, M Giammarchi
38
, M Giller
72
, J Glombitza
14
, F Gobbi
15
, F Gollan
7
, G Golup
6
, M Gómez Berisso
6
, P F Gómez Vitale
15
16
, J P Gongora
15
, N González
7
, I Goos
6
54
, D Góra
29
, A Gorgi
3
4
, M Gottowik
21
, T D Grubb
5
, F Guarino
13
20
, G P Guedes
73
, E Guido
4
11
, S Hahn
7
54
, R Halliday
50
, M R Hampel
7
, P Hansen
39
, D Harari
6
, V M Harvey
5
, A Haungs
54
, T Hebbeker
14
, D Heck
54
, G C Hill
5
, C Hojvat
62
, J R Hörandel
1
40
, P Horvath
44
, M Hrabovský
44
, T Huege
33
54
, J Hulsman
7
54
, A Insolia
34
35
, P G Isar
74
, J A Johnsen
75
, J Jurysek
18
, A Kääpä
21
, K H Kampert
21
, B Keilhauer
54
, J Kemp
14
, H O Klages
54
, M Kleifges
66
, J Kleinfeller
15
, M Köpke
58
, G Kukec Mezek
69
, B L Lago
76
, D LaHurd
50
, R G Lang
57
, M A Leigui de Oliveira
77
, V Lenok
54
, A Letessier-Selvon
78
, I Lhenry-Yvon
24
, D Lo Presti
34
35
, L Lopes
2
, R López
79
, R Lorek
50
, Q Luce
58
, A Lucero
7
, A Machado Payeras
43
, M Malacari
64
, G Mancarella
42
47
, D Mandat
18
, B C Manning
5
, J Manshanden
80
, P Mantsch
62
, S Marafico
24
, A G Mariazzi
39
, I C Mariş
81
, G Marsella
42
47
, D Martello
42
47
, H Martinez
57
, O Martínez Bravo
79
, M Mastrodicasa
25
26
, H J Mathes
54
, J Matthews
82
, G Matthiae
59
60
, E Mayotte
21
, P O Mazur
62
, G Medina-Tanco
9
, D Melo
7
, A Menshikov
66
, K-D Merenda
75
, S Michal
44
, M I Micheletti
70
, L Miramonti
37
38
, D Mockler
81
, S Mollerach
6
, F Montanet
22
, C Morello
3
4
, M Mostafá
83
, A L Müller
7
54
, M A Muller
27
43
84
, K Mulrey
33
, R Mussa
4
, M Muzio
65
, W M Namasaka
21
, L Nellen
9
, P H Nguyen
5
, M Niculescu-Oglinzanu
19
, M Niechciol
31
, D Nitz
67
85
, D Nosek
86
, V Novotny
86
, L Nožka
44
, A Nucita
42
47
, L A Núñez
87
, M Palatka
18
, J Pallotta
88
, M P Panetta
42
47
, P Papenbreer
21
, G Parente
10
, A Parra
79
, M Pech
18
, F Pedreira
10
, J Pȩkala
29
, R Pelayo
89
, J Peña-Rodriguez
87
, J Perez Armand
28
, M Perlin
7
54
, L Perrone
42
47
, C Peters
14
, S Petrera
26
48
, T Pierog
54
, M Pimenta
2
, V Pirronello
34
35
, M Platino
7
, B Pont
1
, M Pothast
1
40
, P Privitera
64
, M Prouza
18
, A Puyleart
67
, S Querchfeld
21
, J Rautenberg
21
, D Ravignani
7
, M Reininghaus
7
54
, J Ridky
18
, F Riehn
2
, M Risse
31
, P Ristori
88
, V Rizi
25
26
, W Rodrigues de Carvalho
28
, G Rodriguez Fernandez
59
60
, J Rodriguez Rojo
15
, M J Roncoroni
7
, M Roth
54
, E Roulet
6
, A C Rovero
52
, P Ruehl
31
, S J Saffi
5
, A Saftoiu
19
, F Salamida
25
26
, H Salazar
79
, G Salina
60
, J D Sanabria Gomez
87
, F Sánchez
7
, E M Santos
28
, E Santos
18
, F Sarazin
75
, R Sarmento
2
, C Sarmiento-Cano
7
, R Sato
15
, P Savina
24
42
47
, C Schäfer
54
, V Scherini
42
, H Schieler
54
, M Schimassek
7
58
, M Schimp
21
, F Schlüter
7
54
, D Schmidt
58
, O Scholten
33
90
, P Schovánek
18
, F G Schröder
46
54
, S Schröder
21
, A Schulz
54
, S J Sciutto
39
, M Scornavacche
7
54
, R C Shellard
91
, G Sigl
80
, G Silli
7
54
, O Sima
19
51
, R Šmída
64
, P Sommers
83
, J F Soriano
12
, J Souchard
22
, R Squartini
15
, M Stadelmaier
7
54
, D Stanca
19
, S Stanič
69
, J Stasielak
29
, P Stassi
22
, A Streich
7
58
, M Suárez-Durán
87
, T Sudholz
5
, T Suomijärvi
24
, A D Supanitsky
7
, J Šupík
44
, Z Szadkowski
92
, A Taboada
58
, A Tapia
93
, C Timmermans
1
40
, O Tkachenko
54
, P Tobiska
18
, C J Todero Peixoto
41
, B Tomé
2
, G Torralba Elipe
10
, A Travaini
15
, P Travnicek
18
, C Trimarelli
25
26
, M Trini
69
, M Tueros
39
, R Ulrich
54
, M Unger
54
, M Urban
14
, L Vaclavek
44
, M Vacula
44
, J F Valdés Galicia
9
, I Valiño
26
48
, L Valore
13
20
, A van Vliet
1
, E Varela
79
, B Vargas Cárdenas
9
, A Vásquez-Ramírez
87
, D Veberič
54
, C Ventura
56
, I D Vergara Quispe
39
, V Verzi
60
, J Vicha
18
, L Villaseñor
79
, J Vink
94
, S Vorobiov
69
, H Wahlberg
39
, A A Watson
95
, M Weber
66
, A Weindl
54
, L Wiencke
75
, H Wilczyński
29
, T Winchen
33
, M Wirtz
14
, D Wittkowski
21
, B Wundheiler
7
, A Yushkov
18
, O Zapparrata
81
, E Zas
10
, D Zavrtanik
68
69
, M Zavrtanik
68
69
, L Zehrer
69
, A Zepeda
96
, M Ziolkowski
31
, F Zuccarello
34
35
; Pierre Auger Collaboration
Affiliations
Affiliations
- 1 IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
- 2 Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa-UL, Lisboa, Portugal.
- 3 Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino (INAF), Torino, Italy.
- 4 INFN, Sezione di Torino, Torino, Italy.
- 5 University of Adelaide, Adelaide, S.A., Australia.
- 6 Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina.
- 7 Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- 8 Universidad Tecnológica Nacional-Facultad Regional Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- 9 Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, D.F., México.
- 10 Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
- 11 Università Torino, Dipartimento di Fisica, Torino, Italy.
- 12 Department of Physics and Astronomy, Lehman College, City University of New York, Bronx, NY, USA.
- 13 INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Napoli, Italy.
- 14 RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany.
- 15 Observatorio Pierre Auger, Malargüe, Argentina.
- 16 Observatorio Pierre Auger and Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Malargüe, Argentina.
- 17 University Politehnica of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania.
- 18 Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.
- 19 "Horia Hulubei" National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania.
- 20 Università di Napoli "Federico II", Dipartimento di Fisica "Ettore Pancini", Napoli, Italy.
- 21 Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Department of Physics, Wuppertal, Germany.
- 22 Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble Institute of Engineering Université Grenoble Alpes, LPSC-IN2P3, 38000 Grenoble, France, France.
- 23 Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Bonn, Germany.
- 24 Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Orsay, France, France.
- 25 Università dell'Aquila, Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche, L'Aquila, Italy.
- 26 INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila), Italy.
- 27 Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Física, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
- 28 Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Física, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
- 29 Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Krakow, Poland.
- 30 Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
- 31 Universität Siegen, Fachbereich 7 Physik-Experimentelle Teilchenphysik, Siegen, Germany.
- 32 Universidad de Granada and C.A.F.P.E., Granada, Spain.
- 33 Vrije Universiteit Brussels, Brussels, Belgium.
- 34 Università di Catania, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Catania, Italy.
- 35 INFN, Sezione di Catania, Catania, Italy.
- 36 Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas, Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, México.
- 37 Università di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Milano, Italy.
- 38 INFN, Sezione di Milano, Milano, Italy.
- 39 IFLP, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and CONICET, La Plata, Argentina.
- 40 Nationaal Instituut voor Kernfysica en Hoge Energie Fysica (NIKHEF), Science Park, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- 41 Universidade de São Paulo, Escola de Engenharia de Lorena, Lorena, SP, Brazil.
- 42 INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Lecce, Italy.
- 43 Universidade Estadual de Campinas, IFGW, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
- 44 Palacky University, RCPTM, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
- 45 Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), and Universidad Tecnológica Nacional-Facultad Regional Mendoza (CONICET/CNEA), Mendoza, Argentina.
- 46 University of Delaware, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Bartol Research Institute, Newark, DE, USA.
- 47 Università del Salento, Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "E. De Giorgi", Lecce, Italy.
- 48 Gran Sasso Science Institute, L'Aquila, Italy.
- 49 Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Aerospaziali, Milano, Italy.
- 50 Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
- 51 also at Radboud Universtiy Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
- 52 Instituto de Astronomía y Física del Espacio (IAFE, CONICET-UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- 53 Departamento de Física and Departamento de Ciencias de la Atmósfera y los Océanos, FCEyN, Universidad de Buenos Aires and CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- 54 Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany.
- 55 Universidade Federal Fluminense, EEIMVR, Volta Redonda, RJ, Brazil.
- 56 Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Observatório do Valongo, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
- 57 Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Física de São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
- 58 Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Experimental Particle Physics (ETP), Karlsruhe, Germany.
- 59 Università di Roma "Tor Vergata", Dipartimento di Fisica, Roma, Italy.
- 60 INFN, Sezione di Roma "Tor Vergata", Roma, Italy.
- 61 Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor Palotina, Palotina, Brazil.
- 62 Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, USA.
- 63 Stichting Astronomisch Onderzoek in Nederland (ASTRON), Dwingeloo, The Netherlands.
- 64 University of Chicago, Enrico Fermi Institute, Chicago, IL, USA.
- 65 New York University, New York, NY, USA.
- 66 Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Prozessdatenverarbeitung und Elektronik, Karlsruhe, Germany.
- 67 Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA.
- 68 Experimental Particle Physics Department, J. Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
- 69 Center for Astrophysics and Cosmology (CAC), University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenia.
- 70 Instituto de Física de Rosario (IFIR)-CONICET/U.N.R. and Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas U.N.R., Rosario, Argentina.
- 71 now at Hakubi Center for Advanced Research and Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
- 72 University of Łódź, Faculty of Astrophysics, Łódź, Poland.
- 73 Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana, Brazil.
- 74 Institute of Space Science, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania.
- 75 Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO, USA.
- 76 Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica Celso Suckow da Fonseca, Nova Friburgo, Brazil.
- 77 Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, SP, Brazil.
- 78 Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), Universités Paris 6 et Paris 7, CNRS-IN2P3, Paris, France.
- 79 Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, México.
- 80 Universität Hamburg, II. Institut für Theoretische Physik, Hamburg, Germany.
- 81 Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium.
- 82 Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA.
- 83 Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
- 84 Universidade Federal de Alfenas, Poços de Caldas, Brazil.
- 85 Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany.
- 86 Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Institute of Particle and Nuclear Physics, Prague, Czech Republic.
- 87 Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia.
- 88 Centro de Investigaciones en Láseres y Aplicaciones, CITEDEF and CONICET, Villa Martelli, Argentina.
- 89 Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria en Ingeniería y Tecnologías Avanzadas del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (UPIITA-IPN), México, D.F., México.
- 90 KVI-Center for Advanced Radiation Technology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
- 91 Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Fisicas, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
- 92 University of Łódź, Faculty of High-Energy Astrophysics,Łódź, Poland.
- 93 Universidad de Medellín, Medellín, Colombia.
- 94 Universiteit van Amsterdam, Faculty of Science, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- 95 School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom.
- 96 Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN (CINVESTAV), México, D.F., México.
- PMID: 33016715
- DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.125.121106
Item in Clipboard
Features of the Energy Spectrum of Cosmic Rays above 2.5×10^{18} eV Using the Pierre Auger Observatory
A Aab et al.
Phys Rev Lett.
.
Free article
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Format
doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.125.121106.
Authors
A Aab
1
, P Abreu
2
, M Aglietta
3
4
, J M Albury
5
, I Allekotte
6
, A Almela
7
8
, J Alvarez Castillo
9
, J Alvarez-Muñiz
10
, R Alves Batista
1
, G A Anastasi
4
11
, L Anchordoqui
12
, B Andrada
7
, S Andringa
2
, C Aramo
13
, P R Araújo Ferreira
14
, H Asorey
7
, P Assis
2
, G Avila
15
16
, A M Badescu
17
, A Bakalova
18
, A Balaceanu
19
, F Barbato
13
20
, R J Barreira Luz
2
, K H Becker
21
, J A Bellido
5
, C Berat
22
, M E Bertaina
4
11
, X Bertou
6
, P L Biermann
23
, T Bister
14
, J Biteau
24
, A Blanco
2
, J Blazek
18
, C Bleve
22
, M Boháčová
18
, D Boncioli
25
26
, C Bonifazi
27
, L Bonneau Arbeletche
28
, N Borodai
29
, A M Botti
7
, J Brack
30
, T Bretz
14
, F L Briechle
14
, P Buchholz
31
, A Bueno
32
, S Buitink
33
, M Buscemi
34
35
, K S Caballero-Mora
36
, L Caccianiga
37
38
, L Calcagni
39
, A Cancio
7
8
, F Canfora
1
40
, I Caracas
21
, J M Carceller
32
, R Caruso
34
35
, A Castellina
3
4
, F Catalani
41
, G Cataldi
42
, L Cazon
2
, M Cerda
15
, J A Chinellato
43
, K Choi
10
, J Chudoba
18
, L Chytka
44
, R W Clay
5
, A C Cobos Cerutti
45
, R Colalillo
13
20
, A Coleman
46
, M R Coluccia
42
47
, R Conceição
2
, A Condorelli
26
48
, G Consolati
38
49
, F Contreras
15
16
, F Convenga
42
47
, C E Covault
50
51
, S Dasso
52
53
, K Daumiller
54
, B R Dawson
5
, J A Day
5
, R M de Almeida
55
, J de Jesús
7
54
, S J de Jong
1
40
, G De Mauro
1
40
, J R T de Mello Neto
27
56
, I De Mitri
26
48
, J de Oliveira
55
, D de Oliveira Franco
43
, V de Souza
57
, E De Vito
42
47
, J Debatin
58
, M Del Río
16
, O Deligny
24
, H Dembinski
54
, N Dhital
29
, C Di Giulio
59
60
, A Di Matteo
4
, M L Díaz Castro
43
, C Dobrigkeit
43
, J C D'Olivo
9
, Q Dorosti
31
, R C Dos Anjos
61
, M T Dova
39
, J Ebr
18
, R Engel
54
58
, I Epicoco
42
47
, M Erdmann
14
, C O Escobar
62
, A Etchegoyen
7
8
, H Falcke
1
40
63
, J Farmer
64
, G Farrar
65
, A C Fauth
43
, N Fazzini
62
, F Feldbusch
66
, F Fenu
4
11
, B Fick
67
, J M Figueira
7
, A Filipčič
68
69
, T Fodran
1
, M M Freire
70
, T Fujii
64
71
, A Fuster
7
8
, C Galea
1
, C Galelli
37
38
, B García
45
, A L Garcia Vegas
14
, H Gemmeke
66
, F Gesualdi
7
54
, A Gherghel-Lascu
19
, P L Ghia
24
, U Giaccari
1
, M Giammarchi
38
, M Giller
72
, J Glombitza
14
, F Gobbi
15
, F Gollan
7
, G Golup
6
, M Gómez Berisso
6
, P F Gómez Vitale
15
16
, J P Gongora
15
, N González
7
, I Goos
6
54
, D Góra
29
, A Gorgi
3
4
, M Gottowik
21
, T D Grubb
5
, F Guarino
13
20
, G P Guedes
73
, E Guido
4
11
, S Hahn
7
54
, R Halliday
50
, M R Hampel
7
, P Hansen
39
, D Harari
6
, V M Harvey
5
, A Haungs
54
, T Hebbeker
14
, D Heck
54
, G C Hill
5
, C Hojvat
62
, J R Hörandel
1
40
, P Horvath
44
, M Hrabovský
44
, T Huege
33
54
, J Hulsman
7
54
, A Insolia
34
35
, P G Isar
74
, J A Johnsen
75
, J Jurysek
18
, A Kääpä
21
, K H Kampert
21
, B Keilhauer
54
, J Kemp
14
, H O Klages
54
, M Kleifges
66
, J Kleinfeller
15
, M Köpke
58
, G Kukec Mezek
69
, B L Lago
76
, D LaHurd
50
, R G Lang
57
, M A Leigui de Oliveira
77
, V Lenok
54
, A Letessier-Selvon
78
, I Lhenry-Yvon
24
, D Lo Presti
34
35
, L Lopes
2
, R López
79
, R Lorek
50
, Q Luce
58
, A Lucero
7
, A Machado Payeras
43
, M Malacari
64
, G Mancarella
42
47
, D Mandat
18
, B C Manning
5
, J Manshanden
80
, P Mantsch
62
, S Marafico
24
, A G Mariazzi
39
, I C Mariş
81
, G Marsella
42
47
, D Martello
42
47
, H Martinez
57
, O Martínez Bravo
79
, M Mastrodicasa
25
26
, H J Mathes
54
, J Matthews
82
, G Matthiae
59
60
, E Mayotte
21
, P O Mazur
62
, G Medina-Tanco
9
, D Melo
7
, A Menshikov
66
, K-D Merenda
75
, S Michal
44
, M I Micheletti
70
, L Miramonti
37
38
, D Mockler
81
, S Mollerach
6
, F Montanet
22
, C Morello
3
4
, M Mostafá
83
, A L Müller
7
54
, M A Muller
27
43
84
, K Mulrey
33
, R Mussa
4
, M Muzio
65
, W M Namasaka
21
, L Nellen
9
, P H Nguyen
5
, M Niculescu-Oglinzanu
19
, M Niechciol
31
, D Nitz
67
85
, D Nosek
86
, V Novotny
86
, L Nožka
44
, A Nucita
42
47
, L A Núñez
87
, M Palatka
18
, J Pallotta
88
, M P Panetta
42
47
, P Papenbreer
21
, G Parente
10
, A Parra
79
, M Pech
18
, F Pedreira
10
, J Pȩkala
29
, R Pelayo
89
, J Peña-Rodriguez
87
, J Perez Armand
28
, M Perlin
7
54
, L Perrone
42
47
, C Peters
14
, S Petrera
26
48
, T Pierog
54
, M Pimenta
2
, V Pirronello
34
35
, M Platino
7
, B Pont
1
, M Pothast
1
40
, P Privitera
64
, M Prouza
18
, A Puyleart
67
, S Querchfeld
21
, J Rautenberg
21
, D Ravignani
7
, M Reininghaus
7
54
, J Ridky
18
, F Riehn
2
, M Risse
31
, P Ristori
88
, V Rizi
25
26
, W Rodrigues de Carvalho
28
, G Rodriguez Fernandez
59
60
, J Rodriguez Rojo
15
, M J Roncoroni
7
, M Roth
54
, E Roulet
6
, A C Rovero
52
, P Ruehl
31
, S J Saffi
5
, A Saftoiu
19
, F Salamida
25
26
, H Salazar
79
, G Salina
60
, J D Sanabria Gomez
87
, F Sánchez
7
, E M Santos
28
, E Santos
18
, F Sarazin
75
, R Sarmento
2
, C Sarmiento-Cano
7
, R Sato
15
, P Savina
24
42
47
, C Schäfer
54
, V Scherini
42
, H Schieler
54
, M Schimassek
7
58
, M Schimp
21
, F Schlüter
7
54
, D Schmidt
58
, O Scholten
33
90
, P Schovánek
18
, F G Schröder
46
54
, S Schröder
21
, A Schulz
54
, S J Sciutto
39
, M Scornavacche
7
54
, R C Shellard
91
, G Sigl
80
, G Silli
7
54
, O Sima
19
51
, R Šmída
64
, P Sommers
83
, J F Soriano
12
, J Souchard
22
, R Squartini
15
, M Stadelmaier
7
54
, D Stanca
19
, S Stanič
69
, J Stasielak
29
, P Stassi
22
, A Streich
7
58
, M Suárez-Durán
87
, T Sudholz
5
, T Suomijärvi
24
, A D Supanitsky
7
, J Šupík
44
, Z Szadkowski
92
, A Taboada
58
, A Tapia
93
, C Timmermans
1
40
, O Tkachenko
54
, P Tobiska
18
, C J Todero Peixoto
41
, B Tomé
2
, G Torralba Elipe
10
, A Travaini
15
, P Travnicek
18
, C Trimarelli
25
26
, M Trini
69
, M Tueros
39
, R Ulrich
54
, M Unger
54
, M Urban
14
, L Vaclavek
44
, M Vacula
44
, J F Valdés Galicia
9
, I Valiño
26
48
, L Valore
13
20
, A van Vliet
1
, E Varela
79
, B Vargas Cárdenas
9
, A Vásquez-Ramírez
87
, D Veberič
54
, C Ventura
56
, I D Vergara Quispe
39
, V Verzi
60
, J Vicha
18
, L Villaseñor
79
, J Vink
94
, S Vorobiov
69
, H Wahlberg
39
, A A Watson
95
, M Weber
66
, A Weindl
54
, L Wiencke
75
, H Wilczyński
29
, T Winchen
33
, M Wirtz
14
, D Wittkowski
21
, B Wundheiler
7
, A Yushkov
18
, O Zapparrata
81
, E Zas
10
, D Zavrtanik
68
69
, M Zavrtanik
68
69
, L Zehrer
69
, A Zepeda
96
, M Ziolkowski
31
, F Zuccarello
34
35
; Pierre Auger Collaboration
Affiliations
- 1 IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
- 2 Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa-UL, Lisboa, Portugal.
- 3 Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino (INAF), Torino, Italy.
- 4 INFN, Sezione di Torino, Torino, Italy.
- 5 University of Adelaide, Adelaide, S.A., Australia.
- 6 Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina.
- 7 Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- 8 Universidad Tecnológica Nacional-Facultad Regional Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- 9 Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, D.F., México.
- 10 Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
- 11 Università Torino, Dipartimento di Fisica, Torino, Italy.
- 12 Department of Physics and Astronomy, Lehman College, City University of New York, Bronx, NY, USA.
- 13 INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Napoli, Italy.
- 14 RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany.
- 15 Observatorio Pierre Auger, Malargüe, Argentina.
- 16 Observatorio Pierre Auger and Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Malargüe, Argentina.
- 17 University Politehnica of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania.
- 18 Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.
- 19 "Horia Hulubei" National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania.
- 20 Università di Napoli "Federico II", Dipartimento di Fisica "Ettore Pancini", Napoli, Italy.
- 21 Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Department of Physics, Wuppertal, Germany.
- 22 Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble Institute of Engineering Université Grenoble Alpes, LPSC-IN2P3, 38000 Grenoble, France, France.
- 23 Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Bonn, Germany.
- 24 Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Orsay, France, France.
- 25 Università dell'Aquila, Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche, L'Aquila, Italy.
- 26 INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila), Italy.
- 27 Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Física, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
- 28 Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Física, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
- 29 Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Krakow, Poland.
- 30 Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
- 31 Universität Siegen, Fachbereich 7 Physik-Experimentelle Teilchenphysik, Siegen, Germany.
- 32 Universidad de Granada and C.A.F.P.E., Granada, Spain.
- 33 Vrije Universiteit Brussels, Brussels, Belgium.
- 34 Università di Catania, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Catania, Italy.
- 35 INFN, Sezione di Catania, Catania, Italy.
- 36 Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas, Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, México.
- 37 Università di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Milano, Italy.
- 38 INFN, Sezione di Milano, Milano, Italy.
- 39 IFLP, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and CONICET, La Plata, Argentina.
- 40 Nationaal Instituut voor Kernfysica en Hoge Energie Fysica (NIKHEF), Science Park, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- 41 Universidade de São Paulo, Escola de Engenharia de Lorena, Lorena, SP, Brazil.
- 42 INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Lecce, Italy.
- 43 Universidade Estadual de Campinas, IFGW, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
- 44 Palacky University, RCPTM, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
- 45 Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), and Universidad Tecnológica Nacional-Facultad Regional Mendoza (CONICET/CNEA), Mendoza, Argentina.
- 46 University of Delaware, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Bartol Research Institute, Newark, DE, USA.
- 47 Università del Salento, Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "E. De Giorgi", Lecce, Italy.
- 48 Gran Sasso Science Institute, L'Aquila, Italy.
- 49 Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Aerospaziali, Milano, Italy.
- 50 Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
- 51 also at Radboud Universtiy Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
- 52 Instituto de Astronomía y Física del Espacio (IAFE, CONICET-UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- 53 Departamento de Física and Departamento de Ciencias de la Atmósfera y los Océanos, FCEyN, Universidad de Buenos Aires and CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- 54 Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany.
- 55 Universidade Federal Fluminense, EEIMVR, Volta Redonda, RJ, Brazil.
- 56 Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Observatório do Valongo, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
- 57 Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Física de São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
- 58 Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Experimental Particle Physics (ETP), Karlsruhe, Germany.
- 59 Università di Roma "Tor Vergata", Dipartimento di Fisica, Roma, Italy.
- 60 INFN, Sezione di Roma "Tor Vergata", Roma, Italy.
- 61 Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor Palotina, Palotina, Brazil.
- 62 Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, USA.
- 63 Stichting Astronomisch Onderzoek in Nederland (ASTRON), Dwingeloo, The Netherlands.
- 64 University of Chicago, Enrico Fermi Institute, Chicago, IL, USA.
- 65 New York University, New York, NY, USA.
- 66 Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Prozessdatenverarbeitung und Elektronik, Karlsruhe, Germany.
- 67 Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA.
- 68 Experimental Particle Physics Department, J. Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
- 69 Center for Astrophysics and Cosmology (CAC), University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenia.
- 70 Instituto de Física de Rosario (IFIR)-CONICET/U.N.R. and Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas U.N.R., Rosario, Argentina.
- 71 now at Hakubi Center for Advanced Research and Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
- 72 University of Łódź, Faculty of Astrophysics, Łódź, Poland.
- 73 Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana, Brazil.
- 74 Institute of Space Science, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania.
- 75 Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO, USA.
- 76 Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica Celso Suckow da Fonseca, Nova Friburgo, Brazil.
- 77 Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, SP, Brazil.
- 78 Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), Universités Paris 6 et Paris 7, CNRS-IN2P3, Paris, France.
- 79 Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, México.
- 80 Universität Hamburg, II. Institut für Theoretische Physik, Hamburg, Germany.
- 81 Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium.
- 82 Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA.
- 83 Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
- 84 Universidade Federal de Alfenas, Poços de Caldas, Brazil.
- 85 Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany.
- 86 Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Institute of Particle and Nuclear Physics, Prague, Czech Republic.
- 87 Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia.
- 88 Centro de Investigaciones en Láseres y Aplicaciones, CITEDEF and CONICET, Villa Martelli, Argentina.
- 89 Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria en Ingeniería y Tecnologías Avanzadas del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (UPIITA-IPN), México, D.F., México.
- 90 KVI-Center for Advanced Radiation Technology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
- 91 Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Fisicas, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
- 92 University of Łódź, Faculty of High-Energy Astrophysics,Łódź, Poland.
- 93 Universidad de Medellín, Medellín, Colombia.
- 94 Universiteit van Amsterdam, Faculty of Science, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- 95 School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom.
- 96 Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN (CINVESTAV), México, D.F., México.
- PMID: 33016715
- DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.125.121106
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Abstract
We report a measurement of the energy spectrum of cosmic rays above 2.5×10^{18} eV based on 215 030 events. New results are presented: at about 1.3×10^{19} eV, the spectral index changes from 2.51±0.03(stat)±0.05(syst) to 3.05±0.05(stat)±0.10(syst), evolving to 5.1±0.3(stat)±0.1(syst) beyond 5×10^{19} eV, while no significant dependence of spectral features on the declination is seen in the accessible range. These features of the spectrum can be reproduced in models with energy-dependent mass composition. The energy density in cosmic rays above 5×10^{18} eV is [5.66±0.03(stat)±1.40(syst)]×10^{53} erg Mpc^{-3}.