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Review
. 2021 Jan;37(1):12-19.
doi: 10.1002/kjm2.12299. Epub 2020 Oct 5.

Autophagy and metabolism

Pei-Wen Lin  1 , Man-Ling Chu  1 , Hsiao-Sheng Liu  1   2
Affiliations
Review

Autophagy and metabolism

Pei-Wen Lin et al. Kaohsiung J Med Sci. 2021 Jan.

Abstract

Metabolism consists of diverse life-sustaining chemical reactions in living organisms. Autophagy is a highly conservative process that responds to various internal and external stresses. Both processes utilize surrounding resources to provide energy and nutrients for the cell. Autophagy progression may proceed to the degradative or secretory pathway determined by Rab family proteins. The former is a degradative and lysosome-dependent catabolic process that produces energy and provides nutrients for the synthesis of essential proteins. The degradative pathway also balances the energy source of the cell and regulates tissue homeostasis. The latter is a newly discovered pathway in which the autophagosome is fused with the plasma membrane. Secretory autophagy participates in diverse functions and diseases ranging from the spread of viral particles to cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. Aberrant metabolism in the body causes various metabolic syndromes. This review explores the relationships among autophagy, metabolism, and related diseases.

Keywords: autophagy; metabolic syndrome; secretory autophagy.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no potential conflict of interest.

Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
The molecules participating in the progression of degradative and secretory autophagy. STX17 is located on the autophagosome membrane. In degradative autophagy, VAMP 7/8 together with the SNAP29 protein on the lysosome binds to STX17 on the autophagosome and facilitates the formation of the autolysosome. In secretory autophagy, Rab37‐harboring vesicle fuses with the autophagosome through the interaction of VAMP8, SNAP29, and STX17. Sec22b on the autophagosome further binds SNAP29 and STX3/4 on the plasma membrane for cargo exocytosis. SNAP, soluble N‐ethylmaleimide‐sensitive‐factor attachment protein; STX, syntaxinm; VAMP, vesicle‐associated membrane protein
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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