Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Meta-Analysis
. 2021 Jan;48(1):60-75.
doi: 10.1111/jcpe.13384. Epub 2020 Nov 5.

The impact of smoking on non-surgical periodontal therapy: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Jennifer Chang  1 , Hsiu-Wan Meng  1 , Evanthia Lalla  2 , Chun-Teh Lee  1
Affiliations
Meta-Analysis

The impact of smoking on non-surgical periodontal therapy: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Jennifer Chang et al. J Clin Periodontol. 2021 Jan.

Abstract

Aim: Smoking is a risk factor for periodontitis. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of smoking on clinical outcomes of non-surgical periodontal therapy.

Materials and methods: Electronic databases were searched to screen studies published before May 2020. The included studies had to have two groups: smokers (S) and non-smokers (NS) with periodontitis. The outcomes evaluated were differences between groups in probing depth (PD) reduction and clinical attachment level (CAL) gain after non-surgical periodontal therapy. Meta-regressions were conducted to evaluate correlations between outcomes and other contributing factors.

Results: Seventeen studies were included. The post-treatment PD reduction in the S group was smaller than in the NS group (weighted mean difference in PD reduction: -0.33 mm, 95% confidence interval (CI): [-0.49, -0.17], p < .01). The CAL gain in the S group was also smaller than in the NS group (weighted mean difference in CAL gain: -0.20 mm, CI: [-0.39, -0.02], p < .01). Additionally, baseline PD significantly affected the difference in PD reduction between two groups.

Conclusions: Smoking negatively impacts clinical responses to non-surgical periodontal therapy. Smokers with periodontitis have significantly less PD reduction and CAL gain than non-smokers.

Keywords: cigarette smoking; dental scaling; evidence-based dentistry; root planning; treatment outcome.

PubMed Disclaimer

References

REFERENCES

    1. Abreu, M. G. L., Kawamoto, D., Mayer, M. P. A., Pascoal, V. D. B., Caiaffa, K. S., Zuza, E. P., Duque, C., & Camargo, G. A. D. C. G. (2019). Frequency of Porphyromonas gingivalis fimA in smokers and nonsmokers after periodontal therapy. Journal of Applied Oral Science, 27, https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-7757-2018-0205
    1. Ah, M. K., Johnson, G. K., Kaldahl, W. B., Patil, K. D., & Kalkwart, K. L. (1994). The effect of smoking on the response to periodontal therapy. Journal of Clinical Periodontology, 21(2), 91-97. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-051X.1994.tb00285.x
    1. AlAhmari, F., Ahmed, H. B., Al-Kheraif, A. A., Javed, F., & Akram, Z. (2019). Effectiveness of scaling and root planning with and without adjunct antimicrobial photodynamic therapy in the treatment of chronic periodontitis among cigarette-smokers and neversmokers: a randomized controlled clinical trial. Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy, 25, 247-252.
    1. Alqaderi, H., Lee, C.-T., Borzangy, S., & Pagonis, T. C. (2016). Coronal pulpotomy for cariously exposed permanent posterior teeth with closed apices: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Dentistry, 44, 1-7. 10.1016/j.jdent.2015.12.005
    1. Apatzidou, D. A., Riggio, M. P., & Kinane, D. F. (2005). Impact of smoking on the clinical, microbiological and immunological parameters of adult patients with periodontitis. Journal of Clinical Periodontology, 32(9), 973-983. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-051X.2005.00788.x

LinkOut - more resources