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. 2020 Sep 30:23:e200101.
doi: 10.1590/1980-549720200101. eCollection 2020.

Factors associated with chronic kidney disease, according to laboratory criteria of the National Health Survey

[Article in Portuguese, English]
Lilian Kelen de Aguiar  1   2 , Roberto Marini Ladeira  3 , Ísis Eloah Machado  1 , Regina Tomei Ivata Bernal  1 , Lenildo de Moura  4 , Deborah Carvalho Malta  1
Affiliations
Free article

Factors associated with chronic kidney disease, according to laboratory criteria of the National Health Survey

[Article in Portuguese, English]
Lilian Kelen de Aguiar et al. Rev Bras Epidemiol. .
Free article

Abstract
in English, Portuguese

Objective: To identify the prevalence of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) less than 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 in Brazil and the associated factors.

Methods: This is a cross-sectional household-based epidemiological survey. Data were collected from the National Health Survey (PNS), conducted in 2013, by carrying out creatinine blood test and GFR calculation (n = 7,457). The groups of explanatory variables were: sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyles, chronic diseases, anthropometry, and health assessment. The prevalence of GFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 and the respective 95% confidence intervals were estimated using the Poisson regression to calculate the crude and adjusted prevalence ratio (PR and adjPR) by age, sex, education level, and region.

Results: The prevalence of GFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 was 6.48% (95%CI 5.88 - 7.09). After the adjustment, the following aspects remained associated: women (PR = 1.40; 95%CI 1.16 - 1.68), age of 45-59 years (adjPR = 7.27; 95%CI 3.8 - 14.1), 60 years or older (adjPR = 33.55; 95%CI 17.8 - 63.4), obesity (PR = 1.32 (95%CI 1.1 - 1.7), diabetes (PR = 1.44; 95%CI 1.2 - 1.8), poor/very poor self-rated health (PR = 1.50; 95%CI 1.2 - 1.9); and the lowest adjPR was found for the Northeast and Southeast regions, among smokers with high salt intake.

Conclusion: GFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 was higher in women, increased with age, in addition to being associated with obesity, diabetes, and poor self-rated health. Knowing the prevalence of chronic kidney disease through biochemical tests and risk and protective factors are paramount to support public health policies.

Objetivo: Identificar a prevalência da taxa de filtração glomerular estimada pelo clearance da creatinina endógena (estimativa da taxa de filtração glomerular - eTFG) menor que 60 mL/min/1,73 m2 no Brasil e os fatores associados.

Métodos: Trata-se de um inquérito epidemiológico transversal de base domiciliar. Os dados foram obtidos em subamostra de participantes da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde (PNS), realizada em 2013, na qual foi feita coleta de sangue para medida de creatinina plasmática e calculado a eTFG (n = 7.457). Os grupos de variáveis explicativas foram: características sociodemográficas, estilos de vida, doenças crônicas, antropometria e avaliação de saúde. Foram estimadas as prevalências de eTFG < 60 mL/min/1,73 m2 e os respectivos intervalos de confiança de 95% (IC95%) utilizando a regressão de Poisson para calcular a razão de prevalência bruta (RPb) e ajustada (RPaj) por idade, sexo, escolaridade e região.

Resultados: A prevalência de eTFG < 60 mL/min/1,73 m2 foi de 6,48% (IC95% 5,88 - 7,09). Após ajuste, mantiveram-se associados: sexo feminino (RP = 1,40; IC95% 1,16 - 1,68), idade 45-59 anos (RPaj = 7,27; IC95% 3,8 - 14,1), 60 anos ou mais (RPaj = 33,55; IC95% 17,8 - 63,4), obesidade (RP = 1,32; IC95% 1,1 - 1,7), diabetes (RP = 1,44; IC95% 1,2 - 1,8), autoavaliação de saúde ruim/muito ruim (RP = 1,50; IC95% 1,2 - 1,9); menor RPaj foi encontrado nas regiões Nordeste e Sudeste, entre fumantes e com consumo elevado de sal.

Conclusão: eTFG < 60 mL/min/1,73 m2 foi mais elevada no sexo feminino, aumentou com a idade, foi associada com obesidade, diabetes e pior avaliação de saúde. O conhecimento da prevalência da doença renal crônica, por meio de exames bioquímicos e dos fatores de risco e proteção, é essencial para subsidiar políticas públicas de saúde.

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