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Review
. 2020 Oct 7;19(1):76.
doi: 10.1186/s12938-020-00822-y.

Three-dimensional printing for cardiovascular diseases: from anatomical modeling to dynamic functionality

Hao Wang  1 , Hongning Song  1 , Yuanting Yang  1 , Quan Cao  1 , Yugang Hu  1 , Jinling Chen  1 , Juan Guo  1 , Yijia Wang  1 , Dan Jia  1 , Sheng Cao  1 , Qing Zhou  2
Affiliations
Review

Three-dimensional printing for cardiovascular diseases: from anatomical modeling to dynamic functionality

Hao Wang et al. Biomed Eng Online. .

Abstract

Three-dimensional (3D) printing is widely used in medicine. Most research remains focused on forming rigid anatomical models, but moving from static models to dynamic functionality could greatly aid preoperative surgical planning. This work reviews literature on dynamic 3D heart models made of flexible materials for use with a mock circulatory system. Such models allow simulation of surgical procedures under mock physiological conditions, and are; therefore, potentially very useful to clinical practice. For example, anatomical models of mitral regurgitation could provide a better display of lesion area, while dynamic 3D models could further simulate in vitro hemodynamics. Dynamic 3D models could also be used in setting standards for certain parameters for function evaluation, such as flow reserve fraction in coronary heart disease. As a bridge between medical image and clinical aid, 3D printing is now gradually changing the traditional pattern of diagnosis and treatment.

Keywords: 3D printing; Cardiovascular disease; Mock circulatory system.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors have no competing interests to report.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
History of 3D printing and its medical applications
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Workflow of 3D printing
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Functional 3D models and their coupling with a mock circulatory system. Images in the figure are from the literature [–74]
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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