Fat-soluble nutrients and Omega-3 fatty acids as modifiable factors influencing preterm birth risk

Affiliations

¹ Department of Pediatrics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA. Electronic address: melissak.thoene@unmc.edu.
² Department of Pediatrics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA. Electronic address: matthew.vanormer@unmc.edu.
³ Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA. Electronic address: ana.yuilvaldes@unmc.edu.
⁴ Department of Nutrition & Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA. Electronic address: tbruett2@unl.edu.
⁵ Department of Nutrition & Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA. Electronic address: snatarajan2@unl.edu.
⁶ Cytotechnology Education, College of Allied Health Professions, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA. Electronic address: mmukherj@unmc.edu.
⁷ Department of Pediatrics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA. Electronic address: maranda.thompson@unmc.edu.
⁸ Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA. Electronic address: tmnordgren@gmail.com.
⁹ Department of Nutrition and Public Health, University of Agder, Post-box 422, N-4604, Kristiansand, Norway; Department of Marketing, Innovation and Organization, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium. Electronic address: wendy.vanlippevelde@ugent.be.
¹⁰ Department of Nutrition and Public Health, University of Agder, Post-box 422, N-4604, Kristiansand, Norway. Electronic address: nina.c.overby@uia.no.
¹¹ University of Ghana Medical School, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, P.O. Box GP 4236, Accra, Ghana. Electronic address: bonsaffoh@yahoo.com.
¹² Department of Pediatrics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA. Electronic address: alanders@unmc.edu.
¹³ Medical Nutrition Education, College of Allied Health Professions, University of Nebraska Medical Center Omaha, NE, 68198, USA. Electronic address: ckhanson@unmc.edu.

PMID: 33039030
PMCID: PMC7548396
DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2019.12.002

Review

Fat-soluble nutrients and Omega-3 fatty acids as modifiable factors influencing preterm birth risk

Melissa Thoene et al. Placenta. 2020.

. 2020 Sep 1:98:38-42.

doi: 10.1016/j.placenta.2019.12.002. Epub 2019 Dec 5.

Affiliations

¹ Department of Pediatrics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA. Electronic address: melissak.thoene@unmc.edu.
² Department of Pediatrics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA. Electronic address: matthew.vanormer@unmc.edu.
³ Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA. Electronic address: ana.yuilvaldes@unmc.edu.
⁴ Department of Nutrition & Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA. Electronic address: tbruett2@unl.edu.
⁵ Department of Nutrition & Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA. Electronic address: snatarajan2@unl.edu.
⁶ Cytotechnology Education, College of Allied Health Professions, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA. Electronic address: mmukherj@unmc.edu.
⁷ Department of Pediatrics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA. Electronic address: maranda.thompson@unmc.edu.
⁸ Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA. Electronic address: tmnordgren@gmail.com.
⁹ Department of Nutrition and Public Health, University of Agder, Post-box 422, N-4604, Kristiansand, Norway; Department of Marketing, Innovation and Organization, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium. Electronic address: wendy.vanlippevelde@ugent.be.
¹⁰ Department of Nutrition and Public Health, University of Agder, Post-box 422, N-4604, Kristiansand, Norway. Electronic address: nina.c.overby@uia.no.
¹¹ University of Ghana Medical School, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, P.O. Box GP 4236, Accra, Ghana. Electronic address: bonsaffoh@yahoo.com.
¹² Department of Pediatrics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA. Electronic address: alanders@unmc.edu.
¹³ Medical Nutrition Education, College of Allied Health Professions, University of Nebraska Medical Center Omaha, NE, 68198, USA. Electronic address: ckhanson@unmc.edu.

PMID: 33039030
PMCID: PMC7548396
DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2019.12.002

Abstract

Preterm birth is a leading cause of child morbidity and mortality, so strategies to reduce early birth must remain a priority. One key approach to enhancing birth outcomes is improving maternal dietary intake. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to discuss mechanisms on perinatal status of fat-soluble nutrients (carotenoids, retinol, tocopherols) and omega-3 fatty acids and how they impact risk for preterm birth. Literature review demonstrates that maternal dietary intake and biological (blood and placental tissue) levels of fat-soluble nutrients during pregnancy may provide antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory health benefits. Omega-3 fatty acids also promote increased production of specialized pro-resolving mediators, subsequently mediating inflammation resolution. Combined effects of these nutrients support appropriate placental organogenesis and function. Consequently, fat-soluble nutrients and omega-3 fatty acids serve as strong influencers for preterm birth risk. As dietary intake remains a modifiable factor, future intervention would benefit from a focus on optimizing perinatal status of these specific nutrients.

Keywords: Carotenoid; Omega-3; Placenta; Preterm birth; Retinol; Tocopherol.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declarations of Interest: None.

Figures

**Figure 1:**
GPR18 Immunostain cytoplasmic Expression on Placental Vascular Smooth Muscle (stem villus blood vessel) (A) and Extravillous Trophoblast (B). Scale bars represent 50 μm.

See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

1. World Health Organization. Preterm Birth. 2018, 2019.
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Fat-soluble nutrients and Omega-3 fatty acids as modifiable factors influencing preterm birth risk

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Fat-soluble nutrients and Omega-3 fatty acids as modifiable factors influencing preterm birth risk

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