Neuroendocrine Tumors: Imaging of Treatment and Follow-up

Abstract

Neuroendocrine neoplasms are a heterogeneous group of tumors arising from cells distributed throughout the body. Local and regional disease is managed with surgical resection; however, treatment of higher-grade neuroendocrine tumors (NETs), unresectable or metastatic disease is complex involving a combination of systemic targeted agents, transarterial embolization, and peptide receptor targeted therapies and is discussed in detail. The most important concept in modern NET workup is that an optimal diagnostic strategy requires combination of both anatomic and functional imaging modalities. NETs often present with unknown primary site of disease, and ⁶⁸Ga-DOTATATE PET can now diagnose these lesions with great sensitivity.

Keywords: Carcinoid; Embolization; Imaging; Neuroendocrine tumor; Therapy.