The clinicopathological features and prognosis of serum AFP positive gastric cancer: a report of 16 cases

Abstract

Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP)-producing gastric cancer (AFPGC) is a relatively rare type of gastric cancer (GC). To improve the early diagnosis and treatment of AFPGC, we thoroughly investigated the clinicopathological features and prognosis of AFPGC. 139 GC patients who had received treatment from January 2013 to March 2016 in Jinan Central Hospital were included in this study. Blood samples for the pretreatment AFP examinations were collected. The relationship between the serum AFP and the clinicopathological features and prognosis were analyzed. Among the 139 GC cases, 16 cases (11.5%) were AFPGC patients. Compared with the AFP-negative (non-AFPGC) group, the AFPGC patients were prone to have distant metastasis (P=0.029), particularly in the liver, and the abdominal metastasis accounted for 79.4% (27/34). AFPGC patients' cancer is clearly prone to occur in the upper third of the stomach (P=0.008) and among younger (≤60 years old) patients (P=0.044). Furthermore, among the young and middle-aged (≤60 years old) patients, there were no significant differences in the serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), the cancer antigen 19-9 (CA19-9), or the combined (CEA+CA19-9) positive rate between the AFPGC and the non-AFPGC patients. A Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that the median overall survival (mOS) of patients with AFPGC was significantly less than it was among the non-AFPGC patients (P=0.042). The serum AFP level (<100 ng/ml vs ≥100 ng/ml) is a prognostic factor for overall survival in AFPGC patients (P=0.041). In conclusion, the real-time examination of serum AFP has great diagnostic and prognostic value for managing AFPGC, especially for young and middle-aged patients.

Keywords: Gastric cancer; pathological features; prognosis; α-fetoprotein.

Figure 1

Representative immunohistochemical staining in the AFPGC tissue and its adjacent tissue (magnification ×200). A. Immunostaining for AFP in AFPGC. B. Immunostaining for AFP in the adjacent tissue.

Figure 2

Comparison of the overall survival between the AFPGC and non-AFPGC patients.