Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2020 Oct 8;17(19):7340.
doi: 10.3390/ijerph17197340.

Doctors' Mental Health in the Midst of COVID-19 Pandemic: The Roles of Work Demands and Recovery Experiences

Mohd Fadhli Mohd Fauzi  1   2 , Hanizah Mohd Yusoff  1 , Rosnawati Muhamad Robat  3 , Nur Adibah Mat Saruan  1   2 , Khairil Idham Ismail  1   2 , Ahmad Firdaus Mohd Haris  4
Affiliations

Doctors' Mental Health in the Midst of COVID-19 Pandemic: The Roles of Work Demands and Recovery Experiences

Mohd Fadhli Mohd Fauzi et al. Int J Environ Res Public Health. .

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic potentially increases doctors' work demands and limits their recovery opportunity; this consequently puts them at a high risk of adverse mental health impacts. This study aims to estimate the level of doctors' fatigue, recovery, depression, anxiety, and stress, and exploring their association with work demands and recovery experiences. This was a cross-sectional study among all medical doctors working at all government health facilities in Selangor, Malaysia. Data were collected in May 2020 immediately following the COVID-19 contagion peak in Malaysia by using self-reported questionnaires through an online medium. The total participants were 1050 doctors. The majority of participants were non-resident non-specialist medical officers (55.7%) and work in the hospital setting (76.3%). The highest magnitude of work demands was mental demand (M = 7.54, SD = 1.998) while the lowest magnitude of recovery experiences was detachment (M = 9.22, SD = 5.043). Participants reported a higher acute fatigue level (M = 63.33, SD = 19.025) than chronic fatigue (M = 49.37, SD = 24.473) and intershift recovery (M = 49.97, SD = 19.480). The majority of them had no depression (69.0%), no anxiety (70.3%), and no stress (76.5%). Higher work demands and lower recovery experiences were generally associated with adverse mental health. For instance, emotional demands were positively associated with acute fatigue (adj. b = 2.73), chronic fatigue (adj. b = 3.64), depression (adj. b = 0.57), anxiety (adj. b = 0.47), and stress (adj. b = 0.64), while relaxation experiences were negatively associated with acute fatigue (adj. b = -0.53), chronic fatigue (adj. b = -0.53), depression (adj. b = -0.14), anxiety (adj. b = -0.11), and stress (adj. b = -0.15). However, higher detachment experience was associated with multiple mental health parameters in the opposite of the expected direction such as higher level of chronic fatigue (adj. b = 0.74), depression (adj. b = 0.15), anxiety (adj. b = 0.11), and stress (adj. b = 0.11), and lower level of intershift recovery (adj. b = -0.21). In conclusion, work demands generally worsen, while recovery experiences protect mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic with the caveat of the role of detachment experiences.

Keywords: COVID-19; anxiety; demand; depression; doctors; fatigue; mental health; pandemic; recovery; stress.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

References

    1. World Health Organization . WHO Director-General’s Opening Remarks at the Media Briefing on COVID-19—11 March 2020. World Health Organization; Geneva, Switzerland: 2020.
    1. World Health Organization Statement on the Second Meeting of the International Health Regulations Emergency Committee Regarding the Outbreak of Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV), Published January 30, 2020. [(accessed on 2 February 2020)]; Available online: https://www.who.int/news-room/detail/30-01-2020-statement-on-the-second-...
    1. Li Q., Guan X., Wu P., Wang X., Zhou L., Tong Y., Ren R., Leung K., Lau E., Wong J.Y., et al. Early transmission dynamics in Wuhan, China, of novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia. N. Engl. J. Med. 2020;382:1199–1207. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2001316. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Rahman F. The Malaysian Response to COVID-19: Building Preparedness for ‘Surge Capacity’, Testing Efficiency and Containment. [(accessed on 4 August 2020)]; Available online: https://kpkesihatan.com/2020/06/16/the-malaysian-response-to-covid-19-bu...
    1. Elengoe A. COVID-19 outbreak in Malaysia. Osong Public Health Res. Perspect. 2020;11:93–100. doi: 10.24171/j.phrp.2020.11.3.08. - DOI - PMC - PubMed