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Review
. 2020 Oct 9;12(10):3080.
doi: 10.3390/nu12103080.

Effect of Caffeine Consumption on the Risk for Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders: Sex Differences in Human

Hye Jin Jee  1   2 , Sang Goo Lee  1 , Katrina Joy Bormate  1 , Yi-Sook Jung  1   2
Affiliations
Review

Effect of Caffeine Consumption on the Risk for Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders: Sex Differences in Human

Hye Jin Jee et al. Nutrients. .

Abstract

Caffeine occurs naturally in various foods, such as coffee, tea, and cocoa, and it has been used safely as a mild stimulant for a long time. However, excessive caffeine consumption (1~1.5 g/day) can cause caffeine poisoning (caffeinism), which includes symptoms such as anxiety, agitation, insomnia, and gastrointestinal disorders. Recently, there has been increasing interest in the effect of caffeine consumption as a protective factor or risk factor for neurological and psychiatric disorders. Currently, the importance of personalized medicine is being emphasized, and research on sex/gender differences needs to be conducted. Our review focuses on the effect of caffeine consumption on several neurological and psychiatric disorders with respect to sex differences to provide a better understanding of caffeine use as a risk or protective factor for those disorders. The findings may help establish new strategies for developing sex-specific caffeine therapies.

Keywords: caffeine; dementia; depression; neurological and psychiatric disorders; sex differences; sleep disorder; stroke.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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