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. 2020 Oct 15;183(2):290-295.
doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.09.040.

Why and How Vaccines Work

Akiko Iwasaki  1 , Saad B Omer  2
Affiliations

Why and How Vaccines Work

Akiko Iwasaki et al. Cell. .

Abstract

Vaccines save millions of lives from infectious diseases caused by viruses and bacteria. As the world awaits safe and effective COVID-19 vaccines, we celebrate the progresses made and highlight challenges ahead in vaccines and the science behind them.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Timeline of Adjuvant Used in Human Vaccines Adjuvants are non-antigen components of vaccines that stimulate the innate immune system. Adjuvants are indicated by thick arrows from the time of introduction. Vaccines that use the adjuvants are indicated as dots on the arrow at the earliest time of use. Image was made by BioRender.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Vaccines, PAMPs, and Adjuvants (A) Vaccines that are approved for use in humans and their PAMPs. For vaccines that are devoid of PAMPs, adjuvants are required to induce robust immunity. Booster vaccines are required for many vaccines to achieve protective levels of antibodies. (B) Vaccines that are in clinical trials for COVID-19. Image was made using BioRender. #While virus like particles lack viral genomes, during the assembly process, some nucleic acids (RNA) may become packaged, serving as PAMPs. ±This vaccine is a two-dose vaccine: rAd26-S injection followed by rAd5-S injection.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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