Hood Technique for Robotic Radical Prostatectomy-Preserving Periurethral Anatomical Structures in the Space of Retzius and Sparing the Pouch of Douglas, Enabling Early Return of Continence Without Compromising Surgical Margin Rates

Abstract

Background: A common side effect following radical prostatectomy is urinary incontinence. Here, we describe a novel surgical technique to reduce postoperative urinary incontinence and facilitate early return of continence.

Objective: To describe the novel "hood technique" for robotic-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP).

Design, setting, and participants: This is an institutional review board-approved prospective study of 300 patients (median age 64 yr) with localized prostate cancer treated with the RARP hood technique at a major urban hospital between April 2018 and March 2019. The exclusion criteria were as follows: patients with anterior tumor location based on biopsy or multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging. All but one patient participated in follow-up over 12 mo after the procedure.

Surgical procedure: The RARP "hood technique" was performed to preserve the detrusor apron, puboprostatic ligament complex, arcus tendineus, endopelvic fascia, and pouch of Douglas.

Measurements: Clinical data collected included pre- and intraoperative variables, and postoperative functional and oncological outcomes and complications. Descriptive statistical analysis was performed.

Results and limitations: Continence rates at 1, 2, 4, 6 12, 24, and 48 wk after catheter removal were 21%, 36%, 83%, 88%, 91%, 94%, and 95%, respectively. Positive surgical margin rate was 6%. Thirty patients (9.7%) experienced complications after RARP: 17 (5.7%), 11 (3.6%), and one (0.4%) had Clavien-Dindo grade I, II, and III complications, respectively. This study was conducted within a single health system and may not be generalizable. The study lacked randomization and a comparative arm.

Conclusions: Results indicate that the hood technique spares musculofascial structures anterior to the urethral sphincter complex with early return of continence after surgery, without compromising positive surgical margin rates. Exclusion of anterior tumor location contributed to a reduction in positive surgical margins.

Patient summary: By better preservation of anatomical structures around the urethra, we were able to achieve early return of urinary continence without a negative impact on complications and cancer outcomes.

Keywords: Margins of excision; Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging; Prostatectomy; Quality of life; Urinary incontinence.