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. 2022 Apr;52(4):614-622.
doi: 10.1111/imj.15103.

Ten-year trends in cardiac implantable electronic devices in New Zealand: a national data linkage study (ANZACS-QI 51)

Fang Shawn Foo  1   2 , Martin K Stiles  2   3 , Mildred Lee  4 , Khang-Li Looi  5 , Geoffrey C Clare  6   7 , Matthew Webber  8 , Dean Boddington  9 , Rod Jackson  4 , Katrina K Poppe  4   10 , Andrew J Kerr  1   4   10
Affiliations

Ten-year trends in cardiac implantable electronic devices in New Zealand: a national data linkage study (ANZACS-QI 51)

Fang Shawn Foo et al. Intern Med J. 2022 Apr.

Abstract

Background: Implant rates for cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIED), including permanent pacemakers (PPM) and implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICD), have increased globally in recent decades.

Aims: This is the first national study providing a contemporary analysis of national CIED implant trends by sex-specific age groups over an extended period.

Methods: Patient characteristics and device type were identified for 10 years (2009-2018) using procedure coding in the National Minimum Datasets, which collects all New Zealand (NZ) public hospital admissions. CIED implant rates represent implants/million population.

Results: New PPM implant rates increased by 4.6%/year (P < 0.001), increasing in all age groups except patients <40 years. Males received 60.1% of new PPM implants, with higher implant rates across all age groups compared with females. The annual increase in age-standardised implant rates was similar for males and females (3.4% vs 3.0%; P = 0.4). By 2018 the overall PPM implant rate was 538/million. New ICD implant rates increased by 4.2%/year (P < 0.001), increasing in all age groups except patients <40 and ≥ 80 years. Males received 78.1% of new ICD implants, with higher implant rates across all age groups compared to females. The annual increase in age-standardised implant rates was higher in males compared with females (3.5% vs 0.7%; P < 0.001). By 2018 the overall ICD implant rate was 144/million.

Conclusion: CIED implant rates have increased steadily in NZ over the past decade but remain low compared with international benchmarks. Males had substantially higher CIED implant rates compared with females, with a growing gender disparity in ICD implant rates.

Keywords: age; gender; implantable cardioverter defibrillator; permanent pacemaker; sex; trend.

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