Pregnancy and pulmonary arterial hypertension-improving surveillance and outcomes with multidisciplinary care and N terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide trends

Abstract

Objective: To describe maternal and fetal outcomes and N Terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) trends in pregnancy with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH).

Methods: The medical records of all pregnant women with PAH referred to Pulmonary Hypertension Clinic were retrospectively reviewed and analyzed.

Results: We identified 35 pregnancies in 22 women (mean age 27.9 ± 4.7 years, mean weight 50.6 ± 8.1 kg). The diagnoses were Eisenmenger syndrome (16, 72.7%), postoperative residual PAH (3, 13.6%), idiopathic PAH (2, 9.1%), and one (4.5%) had systemic lupus erythematosus. About 23 babies (65.7%) were born alive, gestational age of 35.1 ± 2.9 weeks, 47.8% at term, with a birth weight of 2.1 ± 0.8 kg. There was an elevation of NT-proBNP in the initial 72 h postdelivery (median 138 pg/ml, IQR 112-561). Those with a persistent rise beyond 72 h (median 686 pg/ml, IQR 370-3691) had prolonged recovery postpartum (median postdelivery hospital stay 18 days, IQR 12-22) reflecting continued right ventricular stress and maladaptation. There was single maternal mortality (4.5%).

Conclusions: Maternal and fetal outcomes of pregnancy associated with PAH are better with strict surveillance and multidisciplinary team effort. Postpartum period remains the most vulnerable time. NT-proBNP trends during this period may be a promising objective monitoring tool in identifying at-risk subsets thus improving outcomes.

Keywords: Eisenmenger syndrome; Pregnancy; brain natriuretic peptide; cardiac failure; outcomes; pulmonary hypertension.