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Review
. 2020 Sep 22:11:2101.
doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.02101. eCollection 2020.

Proteomics Insights Into the Molecular Basis of SARS-CoV-2 Infection: What We Can Learn From the Human Olfactory Axis

Mercedes Lachén-Montes  1   2   3 , Fernando J Corrales  3   4 , Joaquín Fernández-Irigoyen  1   2   3 , Enrique Santamaría  1   2   3
Affiliations
Review

Proteomics Insights Into the Molecular Basis of SARS-CoV-2 Infection: What We Can Learn From the Human Olfactory Axis

Mercedes Lachén-Montes et al. Front Microbiol. .

Abstract

Like other RNA viruses, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) replicates in host cells, continuously modulating the molecular environment. It encodes 28 multifunctional proteins that induce an imbalance in the metabolic and proteostatic homeostasis in infected cells. Recently, proteomic approaches have allowed the evaluation of the impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection in human cells. Here, we discuss the current use of proteomics in three major application areas: (i) virus-protein interactomics, (ii) differential proteotyping to map the virus-induced changes in different cell types, and (iii) diagnostic methods for coronavirus infectious disease 2019 (COVID-19). Since the nasal cavity is one of the entry sites for SARS-CoV-2, we will also discuss the potential application of olfactory proteomics to provide novel insights into the olfactory dysfunction triggered by SARS-CoV-2 in patients with COVID-19.

Keywords: coronavirus infectious disease 2019; mass-spectrometry; proteomics; severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2; smell.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Potential olfactory proteomics workflows to characterize molecular disturbances caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The combination of commercial or primary cell lines from the olfactory mucosa with the transfection of expression systems for SARS-CoV-2 proteins (or infection with viral particles) represents a valuable approach to study the impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection in this region. In addition, the proteomic analysis of the OE-OB-OT axis from patients with COVID-19 will provide novel insights into the olfactory dysfunction triggered by SARS-CoV-2. GBC, globular basal stem cell; HBC, horizontal basal stem cell; OB, olfactory bulb; OE, olfactory epithelium; OEC, olfactory ensheathing cell; OM, olfactory mucosa mesenchymal stem cell; ON, olfactory neuron; OT, olfactory tract.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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