Anxiety levels and obsessive compulsion symptoms of pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic

Abstract

Objective: Reliable data regarding maternal mental well-being during the Severe Acute Respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic are scarce. This study aimed to assess the state/trait anxiety and obsessive-compulsive symptoms of pregnant women and compare those with the non-pregnant population using patient-reported validated outcome measures.

Materials and methods: This prospective case-control study was conducted at a tertiary 'Coronavirus Pandemic Hospital' in İstanbul, Turkey in April, 2020. Pregnant and non-pregnant women were consecutively allocated to two groups regardless of gestational age. The primary outcome was to identify the anxiety levels and obsessive-compulsive symptoms of pregnant women during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic using the State-Trait Anxiety inventory (STAI) and Maudsley Obsessive-Compulsive inventory (MOCI), respectively.

Results: Two hundred three pregnant women and 101 non-pregnant women were included. The mean STAI-S questionnaire score of pregnant and nonpregnant women was 41.96±9.15 and 46.62±12, respectively (p=0.001). The overall incidence of STAI >40 in pregnant and non-pregnant women was 62.6% and 73.3%, respectively. The mean total score of MOCI was 17.9±6.7 and 15±6.6 in pregnant and non-pregnant women, respectively. The overall incidence of 30-item-MOCI ≥13.1 in pregnant and non-pregnant women was 61.6% (125/203) and 30.7% (31/103), respectively (p<0.001).

Conclusion: State anxiety and obsessive-compulsive symptoms in pregnant women were found increased during the current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Pregnant women showed more favourable anxiety levels compared with non-pregnant women. These findings can be used to improve the coping skills of pregnant women during the pandemic, to prepare for the post-pandemic period, and to deal with the long-term mental health impact of COVID-19.

Keywords: Anxiety; COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; obsessive-compulsion; pregnancy.

Figure 1

Anxiety levels and obsessive-compulsive symptoms of pregnant and non-pregnant women during the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak The pie chart depicts the proportion of women with unfavourable measure results. Charts at the upper-line show pregnant and nonpregnant women with increased state-anxiety level scores when the cut-off was considered as 40. Charts at the lower line show pregnant and non-pregnant women with increased obsessive-compulsive symptom scores when the cut-off was considered as 13.1. SARS-CoV-2: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2, STAI: State anxiety sub scale of State Trait Anxiety inventory, MOCI: Maudsley Obsessive-compulsive inventory