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. 2020 Oct 16;25(20):4763.
doi: 10.3390/molecules25204763.

Phytochemical Evaluation of Tinctures and Essential Oil Obtained from Satureja montana Herb

Nataliia Hudz  1 , Ewa Makowicz  2 , Mariia Shanaida  3 , Marietta Białoń  2 , Izabela Jasicka-Misiak  2 , Oksana Yezerska  1 , Liudmyla Svydenko  4 , Piotr Paweł Wieczorek  2
Affiliations

Phytochemical Evaluation of Tinctures and Essential Oil Obtained from Satureja montana Herb

Nataliia Hudz et al. Molecules. .

Abstract

Winter Savory (Satureja montana L.) has been used in traditional medicine and as a spice or natural food preservative in the Mediterranean region for centuries. In this paper, some technological and analytical aspects of the S. montana tinctures development and an evaluation of the essential oil composition are provided. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents and phenolic compounds profile analyzed spectrophotometrically and by high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC), respectively, were evaluated in the developed tinctures. The results showed that the tinctures prepared from the S. montana herb by maceration or remaceration are rich in polyphenols, and there is an influence of the technological factors (particle size and extraction mode) on the total phenolic and flavonoid contents. Caffeic, rosmarinic, and chlorogenic acids, (-)-catechin and rutin were identified in the tinctures using the HPTLC method. p-Thymol (81.79%) revealed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was the predominant compound of the essential oil of this plant. Thus, the high contents of polyphenols and flavonoids in the developed tinctures and p-thymol among the volatile components of the S. montana essential oil could indicate the promising antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of these herbal preparations. The obtained results are a ground for the organization of the manufacture of the S. montana tincture and essential oil with the purpose of performing preclinical studies.

Keywords: Satureja montana; essential oil; flavonoids; polyphenols; tincture.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest. The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript, or in the decision to publish the results.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Calibration curves of rutin trihydrate and gallic acid for the determination of TPC in the S. montana tinctures.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Calibration curve of rutin trihydrate for the determination of TFC.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Differential spectra of rutin (R2) (50 mg/L) and Satureja montana tincture T5 (Sm308).
Figure 4
Figure 4
HPTLC fingerprints of Satureja montana tincture under 366 nm before (a) and after (b) derivatisation with 1% of AlCl3; SM—S. montana tincture; 1—quercetin; 2—luteolin; 3—rutin; 4—chlorogenic acid; 5—rosmarinic acid; 6—caffeic acid; 7—apigenin; (c) (–)-catechin.
Figure 5
Figure 5
HPTLC fingerprints of Satureja montana tincture under 254 nm before (a) and after (b) derivatisation with 1% of AlCl3; SM—S. montana tincture; 1—quercetin; 2—luteolin; 3—rutin; 4—chlorogenic acid; 5—rosmarinic acid; 6—caffeic acid; 7—apigenin.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Satureja montana tincture and identified standards profiles on HPTLC chromatogram pictures at 366 nm after derivatisation; *—not possible unambiguous identification due to low separation.
Figure 7
Figure 7
GC-MS chromatogram of the Satureja montana essential oil.
Figure 8
Figure 8
Chemical structures of the thymol isomers.
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