PCR-based detection of three anaerobic bacteria associated with endodontic-periodontic lesions in type-2 diabetic and nondiabetic subjects

Abstract

Aim: The aim of this study is to clinically isolate and detect three anaerobic bacteria associated with endodontic-periodontal lesions in type-2 diabetic and nondiabetic patients using polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

Materials and methods: Sixty patients presenting endodontic-periodontal lesions were divided into two groups. Thirty patients with type-2 diabetics (Group 1) and 30 nondiabetic patients (Group 2) were evaluated for the presence of three anaerobic bacteria. Clinical examinations, periapical radiographs, and microbiological sampling from the canal system and periodontal pockets were performed. Qualitative evaluation of bacteria was performed using a multiplex PCR for Porphyromonas gingivalis and Prevotella intermedia. Statistical analysis was performed using Pearson's Chi-square test and Fischer's exact test.

Results: Enterococcus faecalis (73.3%) was the predominant bacteria isolated from the root canal in type 2 diabetic patients, followed by P. gingivalis (70%) and P. intermedia (36%) compared to 53.3%, 43.3%, and 23.3%, respectively, among nondiabetic patients. P. gingivalis (73.3%) was the predominant bacteria isolated from periodontal pockets in type II diabetic patients followed by P. intermedia 50% and E. faecalis 30% compared to 36.6%, 33.3%, and 30%, respectively, among nondiabetics. P. gingivalis was detected in the root canal and periodontal pocket in almost similar numbers (70% and 73%), respectively, among type-2 diabetics.

Conclusion: Detection of P. gingivalis, P. intermedia, and E. faecalis in both root canal and periodontal pocket samples confirm a viable pathway for the spread of infection through dual sites. Since in the present study, P. gingivalis was found to be present in similar numbers in dual sites among type 2 diabetic patients, importance should be given in treating such anaerobic bacteria in immune-compromised patients.

Keywords: Anaerobic bacteria; diabetic mellitus; endodontic-periodontic lesion; multiplex polymerase chain reaction; polymerase chain reaction.