Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2020 Oct 7:2020:4764219.
doi: 10.1155/2020/4764219. eCollection 2020.

Chemical Comparison of White Ginseng before and after Extrusion by UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS/MS and Multivariate Statistical Analysis

Yun-Long Guo  1   2 , Yang Wang  2 , Yi-Lin Zhao  1 , Xiu-Ying Xu  1 , Hao Zhang  1 , Cheng-Bin Zhao  1 , Ming-Zhu Zheng  1 , Shu-Ying Liu  2 , Yu-Zhu Wu  1 , Jing-Sheng Liu  1
Affiliations

Chemical Comparison of White Ginseng before and after Extrusion by UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS/MS and Multivariate Statistical Analysis

Yun-Long Guo et al. J Anal Methods Chem. .

Abstract

Ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography Quadrupole-Orbitrap tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS/MS) was used to compare the composition of ginsenosides in white ginseng (WG) and extruded white ginseng (EWG). A total of 45 saponins, including original neutral ginsenosides, malonyl-ginsenosides, and chemical transformation of ginsenosides, were successfully identified in both WG and EWG. Multivariate statistical analyses including supervised orthogonal partial least squared discrimination analysis (OPLS-DA) and hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA) were used to analyze components of white ginseng before and after extrusion. As a result, three ginsenosides (malonyl (M)-Rb1, M-Rb2, and M-Rc) were found to be increased in WG, while three ginsenosides (Rb2, Rc, and Rg1) were elevated in EWG. In the OPLS-DA S-plot, the different compositions of ginsenoside that were distinguished between WG and EWG were screened out. Experimental results indicate that the UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS/MS is a useful tool to characterize variations of ginsenosides in WG and EWG.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Total ion chromatogram (TIC) of extruded white ginseng (a) and white ginseng (b).
Figure 2
Figure 2
The tandem mass spectrum of ginsenosides in the negative ion mode: (a) Rg1; (b) Rb1; (c) Ro; (d) mRb1.
Figure 3
Figure 3
The OPLS-DA/permutation test/S-plot of white ginseng and extruded white ginseng in negative ion mode.
Figure 4
Figure 4
The heat maps visualizing the intensities of the 17 ginsenoside datasets from white ginseng and extruded white ginseng (n = 10) and extruded white ginseng (n = 10).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Similar articles

See all similar articles

Cited by

References

    1. Zhou Y., Yang Z., Gao L., et al. Changes in element accumulation, phenolic metabolism, and antioxidative enzyme activities in the red-skin roots of Panax ginseng. Journal of Ginseng Research. 2017;41(3):307–315. doi: 10.1016/j.jgr.2016.06.001. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Jin Y., Kim Y.-J., Jeon J.-N., et al. Effect of white, red and black ginseng on physicochemical properties and ginsenosides. Plant Foods for Human Nutrition. 2015;70(2):141–145. doi: 10.1007/s11130-015-0470-0. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Zhang H.-M., Li S.-L., Zhang H., et al. Holistic quality evaluation of commercial white and red ginseng using a UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS-based metabolomics approach. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis. 2012;62:258–273. doi: 10.1016/j.jpba.2012.01.010. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Kim B.-G., Choi S.-Y., Suh H. J., Park H. J. Bitterness reduction and enzymatic transformation of ginsenosides from Korean red ginseng (panax ginseng) extract. Journal of Food Biochemistry. 2011;35(4):1267–1282. doi: 10.1111/j.1745-4514.2010.00450.x. - DOI
    1. Hwang C. R., Lee S. H., Jang G. Y., et al. Changes in ginsenoside compositions and antioxidant activities of hydroponic-cultured ginseng roots and leaves with heating temperature. Journal of Ginseng Research. 2014;38(3):180–186. doi: 10.1016/j.jgr.2014.02.002. - DOI - PMC - PubMed