Review

. 2020 Dec;104(23):9947-9963.

doi: 10.1007/s00253-020-10958-5. Epub 2020 Oct 23.

Δ6 fatty acid desaturases in polyunsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis: insights into the evolution, function with substrate specificities and biotechnological use

Jie Cui^{1

2}, Haiqin Chen^{3

4}, Xin Tang^{1

2}, Jianxin Zhao^{1

2}, Hao Zhang^{1

2

5

6}, Yong Q Chen^{1

2

7}, Wei Chen^{1

2

5

8}

Affiliations

¹ State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China.
² School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China.
³ State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China. haiqinchen@jiangnan.edu.cn.
⁴ School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China. haiqinchen@jiangnan.edu.cn.
⁵ National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China.
⁶ Wuxi Translational Medicine Research Center and Jiangsu Translational Medicine Research Institute Wuxi Branch, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China.
⁷ Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, 5, Winston-Salem, NC, 27127, USA.
⁸ Beijing Innovation Center of Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing, 100048, People's Republic of China.

PMID: 33094384
DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10958-5

Review

Δ6 fatty acid desaturases in polyunsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis: insights into the evolution, function with substrate specificities and biotechnological use

Jie Cui et al. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2020 Dec.

. 2020 Dec;104(23):9947-9963.

doi: 10.1007/s00253-020-10958-5. Epub 2020 Oct 23.

Authors

Jie Cui^{1

2}, Haiqin Chen^{3

4}, Xin Tang^{1

2}, Jianxin Zhao^{1

2}, Hao Zhang^{1

2

5

6}, Yong Q Chen^{1

2

7}, Wei Chen^{1

2

5

8}

Affiliations

¹ State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China.
² School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China.
³ State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China. haiqinchen@jiangnan.edu.cn.
⁴ School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China. haiqinchen@jiangnan.edu.cn.
⁵ National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China.
⁶ Wuxi Translational Medicine Research Center and Jiangsu Translational Medicine Research Institute Wuxi Branch, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China.
⁷ Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, 5, Winston-Salem, NC, 27127, USA.
⁸ Beijing Innovation Center of Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing, 100048, People's Republic of China.

PMID: 33094384
DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10958-5

Abstract

Δ6 fatty acid desaturases (FADS6) have different substrate specificities that impact the ratio of omega-6/omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, which are involved in regulating multiple signalling pathways associated with various diseases. For decades, FADS6 with different substrate specificities have been characterized and the functions of these crucial enzymes have been investigated, while it remains enigmatic that the substrate specificities of FADS6 from various species have a huge difference. This review summarizes the substrate specificities of FADS6 in different species and reveals the underlying relationship. Further evaluation of biochemical properties has revealed that the FADS6 prefer linoleic acid that is more hydrophilic and stable. Domain-swapping and site-directed mutagenesis have been employed to delineate the regions and sites that affect the substrate specificities of FADS6. These analyses improve our understanding of the functions of FADS6 and offer information for the discovery of novel biological resources. KEY POINTS: • Outline of the excavation and identification of Δ6 fatty acid desaturases. • Overview of methods used to determine the pivotal resides of desaturases. • Application of substrate properties to generate specific fatty acids.

Keywords: Desaturation; Linoleic acid; Lipid metabolism; Omega-3 fatty acid; Specific fatty acids; Substrate specificities.

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Δ6 fatty acid desaturases in polyunsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis: insights into the evolution, function with substrate specificities and biotechnological use

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Δ6 fatty acid desaturases in polyunsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis: insights into the evolution, function with substrate specificities and biotechnological use

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