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. 2021 Mar;46(1):91-101.
doi: 10.1007/s10484-020-09492-x. Epub 2020 Oct 23.

Does Performance-Related Information Augment the Maximal Isometric Force in the Elbow Flexors?

William Miller  1 , Sunggun Jeon  2   3 , Minsoo Kang  4 , Jun Seob Song  2   5 , Xin Ye  2   6
Affiliations

Does Performance-Related Information Augment the Maximal Isometric Force in the Elbow Flexors?

William Miller et al. Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback. 2021 Mar.

Abstract

The effects of different feedback conditions on the elbow flexors maximal voluntary isometric (MVIC) force were examined. In a single visit, twenty participants (10 males) were exposed to four conditions including, Visual only; (i.e., knowledge of results [VI]); Verbal encouragement (i.e., verbally stating pull, pull [VE]); VI and VE (VIVE); and no VI or VE (NOVIVE). Three, 5-s MVIC trials were completed for each condition. Separate 2 × 4 (sex × condition) repeated measures analyses of variance (ANOVA) were used to examine MVIC force, rate of force development (RFD200), and rate of electromyography (EMG) rise (RER200) for the 0-200-ms window. There was a significant main condition effect for MVIC force (p < 0.001). Significantly greater MVIC force was shown for VIVE compared to VE (p < 0.001) and NOVIVE (p = 0.002) conditions, and VI compared to VE (p = 0.011) and NOVIVE (p = 0.009) conditions. A significant sex × condition interaction (p = 0.036) was observed for RFD200, with significantly (p = 0.003) greater RFD200 in males compared to females, in the VI condition only. There were no significant differences in RFD200 among condition for males (p = 0.033) or females (p = 0.194). There was a significant main effect for sex (p = 0.006) for RER200, with significantly greater (p = 0.003) RER200 (conditions merged) in males (mean ± standard deviation (SD): 422.99 ± 124.67%), compared to females (220.68 ± 134.01%). Here we suggest the importance of providing VI feedback alone, or in conjunction with VE, for the measurement of elbow flexion MVIC. Additionally, these results provide a foundational framework for future studies aiming to improve feedback modalities during training or rehabilitation.

Keywords: Maximal voluntary isometric muscle action; Upper extremity; Verbal encouragement; Visual feedback.

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