Histopathologic Correlates of Kidney Function: Insights From Nephrectomy Specimens

Abstract

Rationale & objective: Existing data sets correlating kidney histopathologic findings with kidney function have low proportions of elderly patients (and those with a family history of kidney failure are over-represented), which limits their generalizability. Our objective was to use non-neoplastic tissue from nephrectomy specimens to examine the association between degree of histopathologic changes and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and determine whether the association differed by age.

Study design: Cross-sectional study.

Exposures: Glomerulosclerosis (GS), interstitial fibrosis/tubular atrophy (IFTA), and arterial sclerosis/arteriosclerosis (AS).

Outcome: eGFR.

Analytical approach: We retrospectively reviewed kidney pathology reports (of non-neoplastic tissue) from 1,347 patients who underwent nephrectomy (1999-2018) for any indication but most commonly due to kidney cancer. We evaluated the association between degree of GS, IFTA, and AS with eGFR at the time of nephrectomy and whether this was modified by age.

Results: Among the participants (aged 17-91 years), 42% and 57.8% had>10% GS and IFTA, respectively, and 81.8% had moderate or severe AS. We found that greater degrees of GS, IFTA, and AS were associated with lower eGFR after multivariable adjustment. Although there was a greater prevalence of more severe degrees of GS and IFTA in older individuals, the association between various histopathologic features and eGFR was not modified by age.

Limitations: Retrospective cross-sectional study.

Conclusions: Our study demonstrates differences in the histologic appearance of the kidneys across levels of eGFR. Although the prevalence of advanced changes was higher in the oldest group of patients, a subset had excellent kidney function and limited histologic changes.

Keywords: Nephrectomy; age; arteriosclerosis; estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR); glomerulosclerosis; histopathologic lesion; interstitial fibrosis; renal function; renal histopathology.