Effective instructional design template for virtual simulations in nursing education

Abstract

Background: Virtual-reality simulation (VRS) is an innovative teaching method in nursing education. However, information regarding the educational elements that should be included in the associated instructional design, and the technology necessary for its optimal implementation, is limited.

Objectives: To develop an effective template for VRS-based nursing education, and to evaluate its usability.

Design: A methodological study.

Setting: Multimedia room in university.

Participants: Sixteen undergraduate nursing students.

Methods: First, we developed a template, which was validated by content experts. The template was then modified based on the experts' feedback, and was then applied in three VRS scenarios.

Results: The developed template consisted of educational elements, virtual elements, and scenario outlines. The educational elements were learning target, learning objectives, instructional design, course flow, feedback strategies, follow-up and evaluation, debriefing structures, and human resources. The virtual elements were virtual framework, degree of virtuality, and virtual resources. The scenario outline included scenario target, learning objectives, evaluation, course flow, associated knowledge and skill, setting, scenario background, protocols, nursing intervention, algorithm and storyboard, documentation forms, mechanical supports, scenario characters, accessory items, and debriefing components. Three VRS scenarios were developed using this template. Students in focus group interviews described their learning experience.

Conclusions: The template can help educators administer effective VRS-based nursing education; however, the technical level of the platform used should be considered.

Keywords: Education, nursing; Students, nursing; Technology; Template; Virtual reality.