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. 2020 Aug;40(4):282-289.
doi: 10.14639/0392-100X-N0457.

Odontogenic sinusitis and sinonasal complications of dental treatments: a retrospective case series of 480 patients with critical assessment of the current classification

Affiliations

Odontogenic sinusitis and sinonasal complications of dental treatments: a retrospective case series of 480 patients with critical assessment of the current classification

Marco Molteni et al. Acta Otorhinolaryngol Ital. 2020 Aug.

Abstract

Sinusiti odontogene e complicanze nasosinusali di trattamenti dentali: una casistica retrospettiva di 480 pazienti con analisi critica della classificazione attuale.

Riassunto: Il termine sinusite odontogena (OS) si è progressivamente dimostrato meno adatto a descrivere tutta una serie di condizioni patologiche legate alle procedure odontoiatriche e, per tale motivo, il nostro gruppo ha introdotto il termine “Complicanza nasosinusale di malattia o trattamento odontoiatrico” (SCDDT) e una classificazione correlata. Il presente lavoro ha lo scopo di esaminare la nostra casistica e di valutare l’applicabilità della classificazione utilizzata alla pratica clinica quotidiana. Il campione è composto da pazienti trattati per SCDDT dal 2002 al 2018 presso il nostro Dipartimento di otorinolaringoiatria. Ogni paziente presentava segni e sintomi di sinusite e aveva una recente malattia dentale o storia di trattamento. Tutti i pazienti hanno subito una valutazione multidisciplinare, un’endoscopia flessibile e una TAC. I pazienti sono stati suddivisi in tre gruppi a seconda dell’eziologia della complicanza, secondo la classificazione proposta da Felisati. Il campione era composto da 480 pazienti (44% uomini, 56% donne) con un’età media di 52,36 anni. 43 pazienti (9%) appartenevano al gruppo 1 (classe A), 105 pazienti (21%) al gruppo 2 (50, 2A; 5, 2B; 27, 2C; 23, 2D) e 332 (70%) al gruppo 3 (119, 3A; 213, 3B). 454 pazienti (94,5%) presentavano un’opacizzazione mascellare unilaterale, con un coinvolgimento del seno mascellare sinistro in 259 casi (53,9%) e destro in 195 casi (40,6%), mentre solo 26 casi (5,4%) esordivano come infiammazione bilaterale. 9 di questi ultimi (34,6%) presentavano un interessamento odontogeno bilaterale, mentre gli altri 17 (65,4%) avevano una storia di patologia dentale monolaterale. I risultati di questo studio indicano SCDDT come un’entità complessa necessitante di un approccio diagnostico basato su TAC e endoscopia prechirurgica. La nostra analisi ha evidenziato anche alcuni punti deboli dell’attuale classificazione, portando alla decisione di produrne una nuova, più pratica e applicabile.

Keywords: dental diseases; paranasal sinuses; transnasal endoscopic surgery.

Plain language summary

The term odontogenic sinusitis (OS) has proved less and less suitable to describe a series of pathological conditions related to dental procedures. We have introduced the term and classification ‘sinonasal complications of dental disease or treatment’ (SCDDT). This study aimed to review our cases and evaluate whether the classification used is applicable to everyday clinical practice. The sample was composed of patients treated for SCDDT from 2002 to 2018 in our Department of Otorhinolaryngology. All presented signs and symptoms of sinusitis and had a recent history of dental disease or treatment. All patients underwent multidisciplinary evaluation, flexible endoscopy and computed tomography (CT) scan. Patients were allocated into three groups depending on the aetiology of the complication, following the classification proposed by Felisati et al. The sample comprised 480 patients (44% men, 56% women) with a mean age of 52.36 years. Of these, 43 patients (9%) belonged to group 1 (class A), 105 (21%) to group 2 (50, 2A; 5, 2B; 27, 2C; 23, 2D) and 332 (70%) to group 3 (119, 3A; 213, 3B). A total of 454 patients (94.5%) had unilateral maxillary opacification, while only 26 cases (5.4%) started as bilateral inflammation. Nine of the latter cases (34.6%) presented a bilateral odontogenic focus, while the other 17 (65.4%) had a history of unilateral dental pathology. The results of this study suggest that SCDDT is a complex entity that needs a careful diagnostic approach based on CT scans and presurgical endoscopy.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflict of interest

The Authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
(A) CT and aspect of a foreign body unilateral maxillary sinusitis, due to the penetration of moulding material used for the prosthetic rehabilitation right after dental extraction - class 3A; (B) the extracted moulding material.
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
A Cone Beam Computed Tomography of a dental implant displaced into the maxillary sinus, without any signs of sinusitis - class 2D.
Figure 3.
Figure 3.
An orthopantomogram of a maxillary sinusitis following implant displacement into maxillary sinus - class 2C.

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