Analysis of waterpipe aerosol constituents in accordance with the ISO standard 22486

Abstract

This study analyzed commercial waterpipe tobacco products in accordance with the newly developed ISO 22486 as well as with commercial waterpipes and charcoals using the ISO 22486 puffing regime for comparison. The aerosols from these products were analyzed for their nicotine, humectant, tobacco specific nitrosamine, carbonyl, benzo[a]pyrene, and metal yields. Significant differences were observed among the waterpipe tobacco products when analyzed in accordance with the ISO standard 22486 and with different commercial waterpipes and charcoals. The concentrations of CO and benzo[a]pyrene observed in the consumers' configuration using the ISO 22486 puffing regime (with lit charcoal) were higher than those obtained with the ISO standard using electrical heating, with the yields for carbonyl compounds being lower or higher. The use of the recently published ISO standard for generating water pipe tobacco aerosols should be complemented with analysis by using the consumers' configuration. The necessity for this was demonstrated by the differences in CO and benzo[a]pyrene yields in the present work. It appears that the temperature (280°C) selected for electrical heating of waterpipe tobacco products in ISO 22486 is somewhat lower than that obtained with commercial charcoals, resulting in a generally lower yield of nicotine and total collected matter. In addition, there is a need to evaluate the contribution of commercial charcoals to the concentration of constituents in waterpipe aerosols. This is particularly true for compounds resulting from charcoal combustion, such as CO and benzo[a]pyrene.

Keywords: Aldehydes; BaP, benzo[a]pyrene; Charcoals for waterpipe; Formaldehyde; HPHC, harmful and potentially harmful constituents; ISO 22486; NAB, N’-nitrosoanabasine; NAT, N’-nitrosoanatabine; NNK, 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-bipyridyl)-1-butanone; NNN, N’-nitrosonornicotine; PAH, polyaromatic hydrocarbons; PG, propyleneglycol; RS, reducing sugars; TA, total alkaloids; TCM, total collected matter; TSNA, tobacco specific nitrosamines; Waterpipe; Waterpipe aerosols.

Graphical abstract

Fig. 1

Nicotine yields in waterpipe tobacco product aerosols generated by using the commercial configuration (with commercial charcoals and waterpipedevices) or the ISO 22486 configuration (with an analytical waterpipe smoking machine).

Fig. 2

CO yields in waterpipe tobacco product aerosols generated by using the commercial configuration (with commercial charcoal and waterpipes) or the ISO 22486 configuration (with an analytical waterpipe smoking machine).

Fig. 3

Correlation between reducing sugars in waterpipe tobacco products and the formaldehyde yields (using the ISO 22486 protocol) in their aerosols.

Fig. 4

Formaldehyde yields in the waterpipe tobacco product aerosols generated by using the commercial configuration (with commercial charcoal and waterpipes) or the ISO 22486 configuration (with an analytical waterpipe smoking machine).