Identifying the Predictors of Self-Management Behaviors in Patients with Diabetes Based on Ecological Approach: A Systematic Review

Abstract

Background: Recognizing and promoting the factors that affect the self-management behaviors of diabetes lead to a reduction in the number of patients and an improvement in the quality of care. The ecological approach focuses on the nature of people's interactions with their physical and socio-cultural environments.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to identify the predictors of self-management behaviors with a comprehensive approach in these patients.

Methods: The keywords were investigated in the relevant national and international databases, including PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, Scopus, and Scientific Information Database, Magiran, and Iran Medex, to obtain the articles published from 2009 to 2019. The search and article selection strategy was developed based on the Prisma checklist and was carried out in three steps.

Results: Most studies have shown that personal factors had the highest prediction power for the self-management of diabetes. The interpersonal factors, society and policy-making factors, and group and organization factors were then the most frequently reported predictors of self-management behaviors in diabetic patients.

Conclusion: Self-management of diabetes is necessary for controlling it because 95% of care is done by the patient. When designing self-management interventions, factors are based on the individual level that is to increase self-management behaviors.

Keywords: Ecological approach; diabetes; diabetic patients; predictors; self-management; socio-cultural environments..