Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Review
. 2021 Jan;102(1):jgv001514.
doi: 10.1099/jgv.0.001514.

ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Roniviridae

Peter J Walker  1 , Jeff A Cowley  2 , Xuan Dong  3 , Jie Huang  4 , Nick Moody  5 , John Ziebuhr  6 , Ictv Report Consortium
Affiliations
Review

ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Roniviridae

Peter J Walker et al. J Gen Virol. 2021 Jan.

Abstract

The family Roniviridae includes the genus Okavirus for three species of viruses with enveloped, rod-shaped virions. The monopartite, positive-sense ssRNA genome (26-27 kb) contains five canonical long open reading frames (ORFs). ORF1a encodes polyprotein pp1a containing proteinase domains. ORF1b is expressed as a large polyprotein pp1ab by ribosomal frameshifting from ORF1a and encodes replication enzymes. ORF2 encodes the nucleoprotein. ORF3 encodes two envelope glycoproteins. ORFX encodes a putative double membrane-spanning protein. Roniviruses infect shrimp but only yellow head virus is highly pathogenic. This is a summary of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) Report on the family Roniviridae, which is available at ictv.global/report/roniviridae.

Keywords: ICTV Report; Okavirus; Roniviridae; shrimp; taxonomy.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Fig. 1.
Fig. 1.
(a) Negative-contrast electron micrograph of gill-associated virus. (b) Negative-contrast electron micrograph of a partially disrupted yellow head virus virion displaying the internal nucleocapsid. (c) Schematic illustration of a ronivirus virion. (d) Thin-section electron micrograph of unenveloped cytoplasmic nucleocapsids in gill-associated virus-infected shrimp cells. The bars represent 100 nm. Courtesy of K. M. Spann, P. Loh, J. A. Cowley and R. J. McCulloch; panels (a), (b) and (c) reproduced with permission from [2].
Fig. 2.
Fig. 2.
Yellow head virus genome (g RNA1, 26 662 nt) and the two 3′-coterminal sub-genomic RNAs, sg mRNA2 and sg mRNA3. ORF1a hydrophobic regions HD1–HD4 (yellow). Functional domains (pink) - ORF1a: 3C-like protease (3CLP) and papain-like protease domains PLP1 and PLPx; ORF1b: nidovirus RdRP-associated nucleotidyltransferase (NiRAN); RNA-directed RNA polymerase (RdRP); cysteine- and histidine-rich zinc-binding domain (ZBD); superfamily 1 helicase (Hel1); exoribonuclease (ExoN); guanosine N7-methyltransferase (N-MT); and ribose 2′-O-methyl transferase (O-MT). ORF2 encodes the nucleoprotein (p20). ORF3 encodes a precursor polyprotein (pp3), which undergoes post-translation processing to generate envelope glycoproteins (gp116 and gp64) and an N-terminal triple membrane-spanning fragment (p25). ORFX is an alternative reading frame in ORF3 encoding a small double membrane-spanning protein (px). RFS - ribosomal frameshift site upstream of the ORF1a stop codon that allows translation of pp1ab. Known (▼) and likely (∇) sites of proteolytic cleavage of pp1a and pp1ab; signal peptidase type 1 cleavage sites in pp3 (↓).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Chantanachookin C, Boonyaratpalin S, Kasornchandra J, Direkbusarakom S, Ekpanithanpong U, et al. Histology and ultrastructure reveal a new granulosis-like virus in Penaeus monodon affected by yellow-head disease. Dis Aquat Org. 1993;17:145–157. doi: 10.3354/dao017145. - DOI
    1. Dhar AK, Cowley JA, Hasson KW, Walker PJ. Genomic organization, biology, and diagnosis of Taura syndrome virus and yellowhead virus of penaeid shrimp. Adv Virus Res. 2004;63:353–421. doi: 10.1016/S0065-3527(04)63006-5. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Cowley JA, Walker PJ. Molecular biology and pathogenesis of roniviruses. In: Perlman S, Gallagher T, Snijder EJ, editors. Nidoviruses. American Society of Microbiology; 2008. pp. 361–377.
    1. Wijegoonawardane PKM, Cowley JA, Phan T, Hodgson RAJ, Nielsen L, et al. Genetic diversity in the yellow head nidovirus complex. Virology. 2008;380:213–225. doi: 10.1016/j.virol.2008.07.005. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Dong X, Liu S, Zhu L, Wan X, Liu Q, et al. Complete genome sequence of an isolate of a novel genotype of yellow head virus from Fenneropenaeus chinensis indigenous in China. Arch Virol. 2017;162:1149–1152. doi: 10.1007/s00705-016-3203-2. - DOI - PubMed

Publication types

LinkOut - more resources