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Review
. 2020:7:1448-1458.
doi: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2020.10.016. Epub 2020 Oct 22.

Vaccine- and natural infection-induced mechanisms that could modulate vaccine safety

Ronald N Kostoff  1 , Darja Kanduc  2 , Alan L Porter  3   4 , Yehuda Shoenfeld  5   6 , Daniela Calina  7 , Michael B Briggs  8 , Demetrios A Spandidos  9 , Aristidis Tsatsakis  6   10
Affiliations
Review

Vaccine- and natural infection-induced mechanisms that could modulate vaccine safety

Ronald N Kostoff et al. Toxicol Rep. 2020.

Erratum in

Abstract

A degraded/dysfunctional immune system appears to be the main determinant of serious/fatal reaction to viral infection (for COVID-19, SARS, and influenza alike). There are four major approaches being employed or considered presently to augment or strengthen the immune system, in order to reduce adverse effects of viral exposure. The three approaches that are focused mainly on augmenting the immune system are based on the concept that pandemics/outbreaks can be controlled/prevented while maintaining the immune-degrading lifestyles followed by much of the global population. The fourth approach is based on identifying and introducing measures aimed at strengthening the immune system intrinsically in order to minimize future pandemics/outbreaks. Specifically, the four measures are: 1) restricting exposure to virus; 2) providing reactive/tactical treatments to reduce viral load; 3) developing vaccines to prevent, or at least attenuate, the infection; 4) strengthening the immune system intrinsically, by a) identifying those factors that contribute to degrading the immune system, then eliminating/reducing them as comprehensively, thoroughly, and rapidly as possible, and b) replacing the eliminated factors with immune-strengthening factors. This paper focuses on vaccine safety. A future COVID-19 vaccine appears to be the treatment of choice at the national/international level. Vaccine development has been accelerated to achieve this goal in the relatively near-term, and questions have arisen whether vaccine safety has been/is being/will be compromised in pursuit of a shortened vaccine development time. There are myriad mechanisms related to vaccine-induced, and natural infection-induced, infections that could adversely impact vaccine effectiveness and safety. This paper summarizes many of those mechanisms.

Keywords: Autoimmunity; COVID-19 pandemic; Cross-Reactivity; Immune interference; Molecular mimicry; Vaccine safety.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors report no declarations of interest.

Figures

None
Graphical abstract
Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Compares the traditional vaccine development schedule with the accelerated COVID-19 vaccine development schedule.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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