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. 2020 Jul 15:9:7.
doi: 10.4103/jos.JOS_66_19. eCollection 2020.

Evaluation of the perception of smile esthetics, in frontal view, with mandibular laterognatism, through the eye-tracking technique

Rafael B Wolanski  1 , Gil G Gasparello  1 , Caio S Miyoshi  2 , Lara K Guimarães  2 , Armando Y Saga  3 , Orlando M Tanaka  4
Affiliations

Evaluation of the perception of smile esthetics, in frontal view, with mandibular laterognatism, through the eye-tracking technique

Rafael B Wolanski et al. J Orthod Sci. .

Abstract

Objectives: To evaluate the perception of esthetics and the attractiveness of the smile, in frontal view, with mandibular asymmetry, through the eye-tracking.

Materials and methods: OGAMA software and The Eye Tribe Tracker hardware were used to obtain eye tracking in certain areas of interest on the face. To simulate asymmetry, Photoshop® image editing software was used to create a vertical reference line to the midline of the face and make it symmetrical with control of the angulation relative to another horizontal reference line passing through the vertices. Then, the lower third of the face added asymmetries or deviations, starting from zero, with increments of 2 by 2 degrees up to 6 degrees. The study included 60 laypeople, 30 males and 30 females, without any knowledge about the study, showing good vision, and not having used drugs with the possibility of influencing cognitive or motor skills.

Results: From the heat map in cases of mandibular asymmetry, it is possible to visualize that for both sexes the evaluators evaluated with a certain degree of similarity mainly when the deviations presented with 6 degrees. The trajectory of the male and female gaze in cases with asymmetry shows that in cases with a magnitude of 6 degrees, the raters traced mainly in the region of the mouth with little transition in the eye region and mainly in the areas of interest considered as "other." In the images presented with a magnitude of up to 4 degrees, they were traced in the general image.

Conclusions: The perception of laypeople from mandibular asymmetry to the right in females presented a higher perception when compared to males with mandible asymmetry to the left.

Keywords: Eye-tracking; facial asymmetry; smile esthetics.

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Conflict of interest statement

There are no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Male and female: (a) Original, (b) 2 degrees, (c) 4 degrees, (d) 6 degrees
Figure 2
Figure 2
Areas of interest. (a) Male
Figure 3
Figure 3
Female heat map. (a) Original; (b) 2 degrees; (c) 4 degrees; (d) 6 degrees
Figure 4
Figure 4
Male heat map. (a) Original; (b) 2 degrees; (c) 4 degrees; (d) 6 degrees
Figure 5
Figure 5
Scanpath of the female gaze. (a) Original; (b) 2 degrees; (c) 4 degrees; (d) 6 degrees
Figure 6
Figure 6
Scanpath of the male gaze. (a) Original; (b) 2 degrees; (c) 4 degrees; (d) 6 degrees
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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