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. 2020 Oct 28;15(10):e0240452.
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240452. eCollection 2020.

Clinical impact of respiratory virus in pulmonary exacerbations of children with Cystic Fibrosis

Viviane Mauro Correa Meyer  1 , Marilda Mendonça Siqueira  1 , Patricia Fernandes Barreto Machado Costa  2   3 , Braulia Costa Caetano  1 , Jonathan Christian Oliveira Lopes  1 , Tânia Wrobel Folescu  2 , Fernando do Couto Motta  1
Affiliations

Clinical impact of respiratory virus in pulmonary exacerbations of children with Cystic Fibrosis

Viviane Mauro Correa Meyer et al. PLoS One. .

Abstract

Backgrounds: Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is a genetic, multisystemic, progressive illness that causes chronic suppurative lung disease. A major cause of morbimortality in this condition are pulmonary exacerbations. Although classically attributed to bacterial infections, respiratory virus have been increasingly recognized in its ethiopathogeny.

Methods: Nasopharyngeal swab samples were collected from children < 18 years old with CF in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, with pulmonary exacerbation criteria. Samples were submitted to RT-PCR for Adenovirus, Influenza A and B, Parainfluenza Virus, Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV), Metapneumovirus and Rhinovirus. Virus positive and virus negative groups were compared in regards to clinical presentation, severity of exacerbation and bacterial colonization.

Results: Out of 70 samples collected from 48 patients, 35.7% were positive for respiratory viruses. Rhinovirus were the most common (28% of all positive samples), followed by RSV. The virus positive group was associated with change in sinus discharge (p = 0.03). Considering only patients younger than five years old, positive virus detection was also associated with fever (p = 0.01). There was no significant difference in clinical severity or in bacterial colonization between virus positive and negative groups.

Conclusions: Prospective studies are still needed to assess the long term impact of viral infections in patients with CF, and their interaction with the bacterial microbiome in these patients.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

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