Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Meta-Analysis
. 2020 Oct 28;15(10):e0240353.
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240353. eCollection 2020.

Precancerous lesions of the cervix and its determinants among Ethiopian women: Systematic review and meta-analysis

Binalfew Tsehay  1 , Mekbeb Afework  2
Affiliations
Meta-Analysis

Precancerous lesions of the cervix and its determinants among Ethiopian women: Systematic review and meta-analysis

Binalfew Tsehay et al. PLoS One. .

Abstract

Introduction: Precancerous lesions of the cervix are changes in cervical cells that make them more likely to develop into cancer. Understanding the prevalence and determinants of the precancerous lesions of the cervix among women helps to take an action like vaccination programs, improving screening coverage, and close management and follow-up which could decrease the morbidity and mortality caused by cervical cancer.

Materials and methods: The international databases, PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, EMBASE, CINAHL, Google Scholar, Science Direct and Cochrane Library and unpublished reports were systematically searched. Two authors independently extracted all necessary data using a standardized data extraction format. STATA 14 statistical software was employed to analyse the data. The Cochrane Q test statistics and I2 tests were used to assess the heterogeneity between the studies. A random-effect model was computed to estimate the pooled prevalence of precancerous lesions of the cervix in Ethiopia. Determinants of the precancerous lesion of cervix (early initiation of sexual intercourse, multiple sexual partners, and history of sexually transmitted infection) were analysed.

Results: Thirteen studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria and included in the meta-analysis. The I2 test result showed high heterogeneity (I2, 93.2%, p = <0.001). Using the random effect analysis, the pooled prevalence of precancerous lesions of the cervix among women in Ethiopia was 14.21% (95% CI (10.49, 17.94). After adjusting of publication bias using trim-and-fill method, the pooled prevalence was 9.43% (95% CI (5.23, 13.62). Women who had multiple sexual partners in their lifetime (OR:2.67 CI: 1.49,4.79) and had a history of sexually transmitted infections (OR:6.22 CI: 2.99,12.92) were more likely to have a precancerous lesion of the cervix.

Conclusion: The pooled prevalence of the precancerous lesions of the cervix among Ethiopian women was 9.43%. It was associated with having multiple sexual partners and a history of sexually transmitted infections.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors have declared that there is no competing interest.

Figures

Fig 1
Fig 1. Flow diagram of the studies included in the review.
Fig 2
Fig 2. Forest plot of pooled prevalence of the precancerous lesions of the cervix among Ethiopian women.
The diamond represents the pooled prevalence where us the outer edge of the diamond represents the 95% CI. The box with the back line represents the prevalence of each study with 95% CI.
Fig 3
Fig 3. Sub-group analysis of the pooled prevalence of precancerous lesions of the cervix among Ethiopian women.
Fig 4
Fig 4. Funnel plot to assess publication bias for prevalence of precancerous lesion of the cervix in Ethiopia.
Fig 5
Fig 5. Funnel plot to show trim and fill analysis.
Fig 6
Fig 6. Sensitivity analysis.
Fig 7
Fig 7. The pooled odds ratio of the association of early initiation of first sexual intercourse and the precancerous lesions of the cervix among Ethiopian women.
Fig 8
Fig 8. The pooled odds ratio of the association of having multiple sexual partners and the precancerous lesion of the cervix among Ethiopia women.
Fig 9
Fig 9. The pooled odds ratio of the association of multiple sexual partners and the precancerous lesions of the cervix among Ethiopian women.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Similar articles

See all similar articles

Cited by

See all "Cited by" articles

References

    1. Canadian Cancer Society. Precancerous conditions of the cervix. 2019 October 1,2019]; Available from: https://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/cervical/cervica....
    1. World Health Organization. Guidelines for screening and treatment of precancerous lesions for cervical cancer prevention WHO guidelines. 2013 October 10/2019]; Availablefrom: https://www.who.int/reproductivehealth/publications/cancers/screening_an.... - PubMed
    1. Bray F., et al., Global cancer statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA: a cancer journal for clinicians, 2018. 68(6): p. 394–424. - PubMed
    1. Jemal A., et al., Global cancer statistics. CA: a cancer journal for clinicians, 2011. 61(2): p. 69–90. - PubMed
    1. HPV Information Centre. Human Papillomavirus and Related Diseases Report ETHIOPIA. 2019 October 12,2019]; Available from: https://www.hpvcentre.net/statistics/reports/ETH.pdf.