Cognitive reserve in patients with first-episode psychosis as outcome predictor at 5-year follow-up

Abstract

Cognitive reserve (CR) is the premorbid brain capacity to cope with neural damage. People with good CR can tolerate higher levels of pathological brain injuries before displaying clinical symptoms than others. This study aimed to analyze CR in a sample of patients diagnosed with first-episode psychosis (FEP) during childhood or adolescence, comparing them to a community control group (CC) and assessing the predictive value of CR regarding psychosocial functioning, clinical symptoms and neuropsychological variables at the 5-year follow-up. 57 patients diagnosed with FEP during childhood or adolescence and 37 controls completed clinical, neuropsychological, and psychosocial functioning assessments at baseline and 5-year follow-up. CR was assessed in both groups at baseline. The FEP group showed lower CR scores than the CC group. Higher CR in the FEP group was associated with fewer psychotic negative symptoms, total psychotic symptoms and depressive symptoms, higher psychosocial functioning, and less impaired memory and attention at the 5-year follow-up. CR is associated with long-term clinical, neuropsychological and psychosocial functioning outcomes in patients diagnosed with FEP during childhood or adolescence.

Keywords: Cognitive reserve; Follow-up studies; Neuropsychology; Psychotic disorders.