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. 2020 Oct 26;13(21):4765.
doi: 10.3390/ma13214765.

Study of the Incorporation of Ladle Furnace Slag in the Manufacture of Cold In-Place Recycling with Bitumen Emulsion

Juan María Terrones-Saeta  1 , Francisco Javier Iglesias-Godino  1 , Francisco Antonio Corpas-Iglesias  1 , Carmen Martínez-García  1
Affiliations

Study of the Incorporation of Ladle Furnace Slag in the Manufacture of Cold In-Place Recycling with Bitumen Emulsion

Juan María Terrones-Saeta et al. Materials (Basel). .

Abstract

Cold in-place recycling with bitumen emulsion is a good environmental option for road conservation. The technique produces lower CO2 emissions because the product is manufactured and spread in the same location as the previous infrastructure, and its mixing with bitumen emulsion occurs at room temperature. Adding materials with cementitious characteristics gives the final mixture greater resistance and durability, and incorporating an industrial by-product such as ladle furnace slag (of which cementitious characteristics have been corroborated by various authors) enables the creation of sustainable, resistant pavement. This paper describes the incorporation of ladle furnace slag in reclaimed asphalt pavements (RAP) to execute in-place asphalt pavement recycling with bitumen emulsion. Various test groups of samples with increasing percentages of emulsion were created to study both the density of the mixtures obtained, and their dry and post-immersion compressive strength. To determine these characteristics, the physical and chemical properties of the ladle furnace slag and the reclaimed asphalt pavements were analyzed, as well as compatibility with the bitumen emulsion. The aforementioned tests define an optimal combination of RAP (90%), ladle furnace slag (10%), water (2.6%), and emulsion (3.3%), which demonstrated maximum values for compressive strength of the dry and post-immersion bituminous mixture. These tests therefore demonstrate the suitability of ladle furnace slag for cold in-place recycling with bitumen emulsion.

Keywords: bitumen emulsion; circular economy; cold in-place recycling; ladle furnace slag; reclaimed asphalt pavements; simple compressive strength; waste.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Graph of the grading curve of reclaimed asphalt pavement referenced to the RE2 grading envelope of Circular 8/2001 [53].
Figure 2
Figure 2
Graph of the grading curve of ladle furnace slag referenced to the RE2 grading envelope of Circular 8/2001 [53].
Figure 3
Figure 3
Graph of the grading curve for the combination of 90% reclaimed asphalt pavement and 10% ladle furnace slag, referenced to the RE2 grading envelope of Circular 8/2001 [53].
Figure 4
Figure 4
Graph of the Modified Proctor Compaction Test UNE 103,501 [67] for the combination of 90% reclaimed asphalt pavement and 10% ladle furnace slag.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Coating Test NLT-196/84 [68] for reclaimed asphalt pavement, ladle furnace slag, and 3% emulsion with different percentages of precoating water. (a) 0.9% water-to-aggregate. (b) 1.9% water-to-aggregate. (c) 2.9% water-to-aggregate.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Test of dry compressive strength, NLT-162/00 [70], for the different emulsion percentages of each family of specimens.
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