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. 2020 Oct 26;13(21):4767.
doi: 10.3390/ma13214767.

Impact of Surface Treatment on the Functional Properties Stainless Steel for Biomedical Applications

Marcin Basiaga  1 , Witold Walke  1 , Magdalena Antonowicz  1 , Wojciech Kajzer  1 , Janusz Szewczenko  1 , Alina Domanowska  2 , Anna Michalewicz  2 , Marek Szindler  3 , Marcin Staszuk  3 , Miłosz Czajkowski  4
Affiliations

Impact of Surface Treatment on the Functional Properties Stainless Steel for Biomedical Applications

Marcin Basiaga et al. Materials (Basel). .

Abstract

The main goal of the carried out tests was to analyze the influence of the surface modification of a substrate by depositing composite ZnO layers by the Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD) method. The samples were subjected to preliminary surface modification consisting of being sandblasted and electropolished. A ZnO layer was applied to the prepared substrates by the ALD method. As a precursor of ZnO, diethylzinc (DEZ) was used, which reacted with water, enabling the deposition of the thin films. The chamber temperature was as follows: T = 100-300 °C. The number of cycles was 500 and 1500. As part of the assessment of the physicochemical properties of the resulting surface layers, the tests of chemical composition of the layer, pitting corrosion, impedance corrosion, adhesion to the metal substrate, morphology surface, and wettability were carried out. On the basis of the obtained research, it was found that a composite ZnO layer deposited onto a substrate previously subjected to the electrochemical polishing process has more favorable physicochemical properties. Moreover, an influence of temperature and the number of cycles of the deposition process on the obtained properties was observed, where the ZnO layer was characterized by more favorable properties at a temperature of 200-300 °C at 1500 cycles of the deposition process.

Keywords: 316LVM steel; ALD method; ZnO layer; electropolised; sandblasted.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Sandblasted 1500_300: the evolution of the spectral lines for the major element, registered between ion etching cycles, ordered from surface (top) to the substrate (bottom).
Figure 2
Figure 2
Electropolished 1500_300: the evolution of the spectral lines for the major element, registered between ion etching cycles, ordered from surface (top) to the substrate (bottom).
Figure 3
Figure 3
Sandblasted 1500_300: calculated atomic concentration in the depth profile.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Electropolished 1500_300: calculated atomic concentration in the depth profile.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Sandblasting–polarization curves regarding 316LVM with a ZnO layer.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Electropolishing–polarization curves regarding 316LVM with a ZnO layer.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Impedance spectra determined for the initial state of the sandblasted samples: (a) Nyquist diagram, (b) Bode diagram.
Figure 8
Figure 8
Impedance spectra determined for the ALD process in 500 cycles for the sandblasted samples: (a) Nyquist diagram, (b) Bode diagram.
Figure 9
Figure 9
Impedance spectra determined for the ALD process in 1500 cycles for the sandblasted samples: (a) Nyquist diagram, (b) Bode diagram.
Figure 10
Figure 10
Impedance spectra determined for the initial state of the electropolished samples: (a) Nyquist diagram, (b) Bode diagram.
Figure 11
Figure 11
Impedance spectra determined for the ALD process in 500 cycles for the electropolished samples: (a) Nyquist diagram, (b) Bode diagram.
Figure 12
Figure 12
Impedance spectra determined for the ALD process in 1500 cycles for the electropolished samples: (a) Nyquist diagram, (b) Bode diagram.
Figure 13
Figure 13
Alternative electrical circuits representing the corrosion systems: (a) sandblasted_initial state, (b) electropolished and sandblasted—500_300, (c) electropolished with ZnO layers, (d) sandblasted with ZnO layers besides 500_300.
Figure 14
Figure 14
Results of the adhesion tests for the ZnO layer deposited at 1500 cycles (sandblasted): (a) 100 °C, (b) 200 °C, (c) 300 °C.
Figure 15
Figure 15
Results of the adhesion tests for the ZnO layer deposited at 1500 cycles (electropolished): (a) 100 °C, (b) 200 °C, (c) 300 °C.
Figure 16
Figure 16
Example of the surface morphology in ZnO-coated samples: (a) initial state; (b) 500_100°C, (c) 1500_100°C.
Figure 17
Figure 17
SEM of the sample surface morphology for the electropolished samples: (a) initial state, (b) 500_200 °C, (c) 1500_200 °C.
Figure 18
Figure 18
Examples of sessile drops applied to a sandblasted sample: (a) initial state; (b) 500_200 °C; (c) 1500_200 °C.
Figure 19
Figure 19
Examples of sessile drops applied to an electropolished sample: (a) initial state; (b) 500_200 °C; (c) 1500_200 °C.
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