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. 2020 Oct 26;12(11):2487.
doi: 10.3390/polym12112487.

Natural Inspired Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CMC) Doped with Ammonium Carbonate (AC) as Biopolymer Electrolyte

Mohd Ibnu Haikal Ahmad Sohaimy  1 , Mohd Ikmar Nizam Mohamad Isa  1   2
Affiliations

Natural Inspired Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CMC) Doped with Ammonium Carbonate (AC) as Biopolymer Electrolyte

Mohd Ibnu Haikal Ahmad Sohaimy et al. Polymers (Basel). .

Abstract

Green and safer materials in energy storage technology are important right now due to increased consumption. In this study, a biopolymer electrolyte inspired from natural materials was developed by using carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) as the core material and doped with varied ammonium carbonate (AC) composition. X-ray diffraction (XRD) shows the prepared CMC-AC electrolyte films exhibited low crystallinity content, Xc (~30%) for sample AC7. A specific wavenumber range between 900-1200 cm-1 and 1500-1800 cm-1 was emphasized in Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) testing, as this is the most probable interaction to occur. The highest ionic conductivity, σ of the electrolyte system achieved was 7.71 × 10-6 Scm-1 and appeared greatly dependent on ionic mobility, µ and diffusion coefficient, D. The number of mobile ions, η, increased up to the highest conducting sample (AC7) but it became less prominent at higher AC composition. The transference measurement, tion showed that the electrolyte system was predominantly ionic with sample AC7 having the highest value (tion = 0.98). Further assessment also proved that the H+ ion was the main conducting species in the CMC-AC electrolyte system, which presumably was due to protonation of ammonium salt onto the complexes site and contributed to the overall ionic conductivity enhancement.

Keywords: biopolymer; carboxymethyl cellulose; ionic transport; solid polymer electrolyte.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
(a) The X-ray diffraction (XRD) diffractograms of all CMC-AC biopolymer films. (b) The de-convoluted plot of XRD for sample AC7 where green line represents the crystalline phase and blue line represents the amorphous phase.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra of CMC-AC biopolymer films range from (a) 1500–1800 cm−1 and (b) 900–1200 cm−1.
Figure 3
Figure 3
(a,b) Impedance plot for CMC-AC biopolymer films and (c) the ionic conductivity of CMC-AC biopolymer films (d) ionic conductivity at elevated temperature.
Figure 4
Figure 4
(a) The de-convoluted spectra of each sample and (b) the plot of respective transport parameters in CMC-AC biopolymer film.
Scheme 1
Scheme 1
The best ionic transport illustration for (a) at low AC composition and (b) high AC composition.
Figure 5
Figure 5
The plot of polarized current against time for AC7 electrolyte film.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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