Impact of Non-guideline-directed Care on Quality of Life in Testicular Cancer Survivors

Abstract

Background: Non-guideline-directed care (NGDC) is seen in ∼30% of testicular cancer patients and has been identified as a significant predictor of relapse. However, the potential impact of mismanagement on patient quality of life (QoL) is yet to be established.

Objective: To explore the impact of NGDC on long-term QoL in testicular cancer survivors (TCSs).

Design, setting, and participants: A retrospective review of TCSs, who completed the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-C30) in person or via mail ≥6 mo after completion of treatment, was conducted.

Outcome measurements and statistical analysis: The validated questionnaire evaluates global health status (GHS); cognitive, social, physical, emotional, and role functioning; financial burden; and treatment-specific side effects.

Results and limitations: A total of 120 men with a median age of 31.5 (interquartile range: 24-42) yr completed the questionnaire. Thirty-four (28%) men received NGDC: overtreatment (44%), improper imaging (32%), and undertreatment (29%). Men with NGDC presented with a more advanced clinical stage (≥IIA: 64% vs 32%, p = 0.007) and were less likely to undergo surveillance (19% vs 37%, p = 0.016). Patients receiving guideline-directed care reported higher GHS (84.1 vs 77.5, p = 0.015), higher physical function scores (98.5 vs 91.2, p = 0.013), and fewer financial difficulties (5.8 vs 18.6, p = 0.006) than those receiving NGDC. Multivariable linear regression showed a significant association between NGDC and poorer GHS (p = 0.002). Limitations of the study include its retrospective nature, modest sample size due to a 21% response rate, and quality-of-life assessment at a single time point rather than serially over time.

Conclusions: In addition to treatment delay, avoidable morbidity, and higher rates of relapse, NGDC leads to inferior global QoL, worse physical functioning, and more financial stress.

Patient summary: We have previously shown how mismanagement of testicular cancer results in a higher rate of disease relapse. In this study, we emphasize how the lack of adherence to standard treatment guidelines can lead to worse quality of life outcomes and financial stress in testicular cancer survivors.

Keywords: European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire; National Comprehensive Care Network guidelines; Testicular cancer.