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. 2019 Feb 8:210:850-866.
doi: 10.1016/j.seppur.2018.09.003.

Membrane-based separation of potential emerging pollutants

Suhas P Dharupaneedi  1 , Sanna Kotrappanavar Nataraj  2 , Mallikarjuna Nadagouda  3 , Kakarla Raghava Reddy  4 , Shyam S Shukla  5 , Tejraj M Aminabhavi  5
Affiliations

Membrane-based separation of potential emerging pollutants

Suhas P Dharupaneedi et al. Sep Purif Technol. .

Abstract

The potential emerging pollutants (PEPs) such as hazardous chemicals, toxic metals, bio-wastes, etc., pose a severe threat to human health, hygiene and ecology by way of polluting the environment and water sources. The PEPs are originated from various industrial effluent discharges including pharmaceutical, food and metal processing industries. These PEPs in contact with water may pollute the water and disturb the aquatic life. Innumerable methods have been used for the treatment of effluents and separating the toxic chemicals/metals. Of these methods, membrane-based separation processes (MBSPs) are effective over the conventional techniques for providing clean water from wastewater streams at an affordable cost with minimum energy requirement. Microfiltration (MF), ultrafiltration (UF), nanofiltration (NF), reverse osmosis (RO), and forward osmosis (FO) methods as well as hybrid technologies are discussed citing the published results of the past decade.

Keywords: MBSPs; PEPs; Polymers; Separation; Wastewater treatment.

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Figures

Fig. 1.
Fig. 1.
Typical sources of PEPs. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [8], copyright (2016) Elsevier.
Fig. 2.
Fig. 2.
The yearly production indicators of PEPs with environmental impact (million tons) assessment [re-drawn from http://ec.europa.eu.
Fig. 3.
Fig. 3.
MBSP spectrum including process name, size range and potential solute rejected over the prescribed range of pores. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [27], copyright (2016) Royal Society of Chemistry
Fig. 4.
Fig. 4.
Summary of micro-PEPs removal during (a) UF and (b) RO treatment. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [70], copyright (2013) Elsevier.
Fig. 5.
Fig. 5.
Hybrid NF combined with adsorption/AOP used for wastewater treatment. Redrawn with permission from Ref. [89], copyright (2014) Elsevier.
Fig. 6.
Fig. 6.
Schematics of FO-RO hybrid system. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [121], copyright (2014) Elsevier.
Fig. 7.
Fig. 7.
Schematics of FOwEO process showing enhanced rejection and elimination of antibiotics simultaneously. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [135], copyright (2015) Elsevier.
Fig. 8.
Fig. 8.
Submerged membrane photocatalytic reactor. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [151], copyright (2006) Elsevier.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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