Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2020 Nov;41(11):1217-1226.
doi: 10.15537/smj.2020.11.25495.

Clinical characteristics and in-hospital mortality of COVID-19 adult patients in Saudi Arabia

Samah I Abohamr  1 , Rami M Abazid, Mubarak A Aldossari, Hala A Amer, Omar S Badhawi, Obaid M Aljunaidi, Shaimaa H Alzarzour, Hiba M Saadeddin, Fayaz A Bhat, Eman Elsheikh
Affiliations

Clinical characteristics and in-hospital mortality of COVID-19 adult patients in Saudi Arabia

Samah I Abohamr et al. Saudi Med J. 2020 Nov.

Abstract

Objectives: To provide a detailed study of demographic, baseline comorbidities, clinical features, and outcome for Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients.

Methods: A record-based case-series study conducted from March 23 to June 15, 2020 in King Saud Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Demographic data, clinical presentation, laboratory investigations, complications, and in-hospital outcome of COVID-19 patients collected with analysis of the clinical characteristics for survivors and deceased.

Results: A total of 768 patients were included. The mean age was 46.36±13.7 years and 76.7% were men. Approximately 96.3% reported more than one comorbidity; diabetes mellitus was the most frequent (46.4%). Fever (84.5%), cough (82.3%), and shortness of breath (79.8%) were the main presenting symptoms. During the follow-up, pneumonia reported in 68.6%, acute respiratory distress syndrome in 32.7%, septic shock in 20.7%, respiratory failure in 20.3%, and acute kidney injury in 19.3%. Approximately 45.8% of enrolled patients required intensive care unit admission. Lung disease (odd ratio [OR]=3.862 with 95% confident interval [CI] (2.455-6.074), obesity (OR=3.732, CI=2.511-5.546), smoking (OR=2.991, CI=2.072-4.317), chronic kidney disease (OR=2.296. CI=1.497-3.521), and diabetes mellitus (OR=2.291, CI=1.714-3.063) are predictors of ICU admission. Fatality ratio was 4.27%; therefore, men were more prevalent in dead group.

Conclusion: Coronavirus disease 2019 places a huge burden on healthcare facilities, particularly in patients with comorbidity. Coronavirus disease 2019 patients who are obese and smokers with history of diabetes mellitus have a high risk of death.

PubMed Disclaimer

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
The flowchart of analysis procedure.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Song W, Gui M, Wang X, Xiang Y. Cryo-EM structure of the SARS coronavirus spike glycoprotein in complex with its host cell receptor ACE2. PLoS Pathog. 2018;14:e1007236. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Wu Y, Chen C, Chan Y. The outbreak of COVID-19:An overview. J Chin Med Assoc. 2020;83:217–20. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Cucinotta D, Vanelli M. WHO declares COVID-19 a pandemic. Acta Biomed. 2020;91:157–160. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Sohrabi C, Alsafi Z, O'Neill N, Khan M, Kerwan A, Al-Jabir A, et al. World Health Organization declares global emergency:A review of the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) Int J Surg. 2020;76:71–76. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Perlman S. Another Decade, another coronavirus. N Engl J Med. 2020;382:760–762. - PMC - PubMed

MeSH terms