Noninvasive Ventilator Devices and Modes

Abstract

Noninvasive ventilation has become an increasingly common treatment strategy for patients with diverse conditions involving chronic respiratory failure. An intimate understanding of various advanced respiratory devices and modes is essential in the management of these patients. Pressure-limited modes of ventilation are more commonly used than volume modes for noninvasive ventilation owing to enhanced patient comfort and synchrony with the ventilator, as well as improved leak compensation. Common pressure modes include spontaneous/timed and pressure control, with volume-assured pressure support being an additive feature available on certain devices. Evidence guiding the optimal mode of ventilation for specific diseases is limited.

Keywords: Chronic respiratory failure; Home mechanical ventilation; Hypoventilation; Neuromuscular disease; Noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV); Pressure control; Volume-assured pressure support (VAPS).