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. 2020 Aug;82(3):415-424.
doi: 10.18999/nagjms.82.3.415.

Dynapenia and physical performance in community-dwelling elderly people in Japan

Kazuyoshi Kobayashi  1 , Shiro Imagama  1 , Kei Ando  1 , Hiroaki Nakashima  1 , Masaaki Machino  1 , Masayoshi Morozumi  1 , Shunsuke Kanbara  1 , Sadayuki Ito  1 , Taro Inoue  1 , Hidetoshi Yamaguchi  1 , Naoki Ishiguro  1 , Yukiharu Hasegawa  2
Affiliations

Dynapenia and physical performance in community-dwelling elderly people in Japan

Kazuyoshi Kobayashi et al. Nagoya J Med Sci. 2020 Aug.

Abstract

Aging of society has increased the incidence of physical disability. The goal of this study was to examine the physical ability of elderly people classified as having sarcopenia, presarcopenia, or dynapenia (a low muscle function without low muscle mass) in a community in Japan. The subjects were volunteers aged >60 years who were participants in a health checkup in Yakumo, Hokkaido and were in good general health. Demographic data were collected and physical performance tests were performed to measure grip strength, walking speed, back muscle strength, maximum stride length, and 3-m timed-up-and-go (3m TUG) time. A measurement of skeletal muscle mass was used as a basis for calculating the appendicular skeletal muscle index (aSMI). The rates of sarcopenia, presarcopenia, and dynapenia were 10%, 22%, and 8% in males (n=101, age 69.7±5.4 years), and 19%, 23%, and 13% in females (n=112, 68.5±5.9 years). Body mass index in subjects with dynapenia was significantly higher compared to that in subjects with sarcopenia and presarcopenia (p<0.01). Back muscle strength, maximum stride length and 3m TUG were similar in dynapenia and sarcopenia, but differed significantly with those in presarcopenia in both males and females without the influence of age (p<0.05). Further studies are needed to evaluate the benefits of dynapenia intervention programs and to explore the underlying pathophysiology of dynapenia.

Keywords: dynapenia; muscle strength; physical performance; presarcopenia; sarcopenia.

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Conflict of interest statement

None of the authors have a conflict of interest regarding the work in the manuscript.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Algorithm for sarcopenia, presarcopenia, and dynapenia staging. Presarcopenia was defined as normal muscle function with low muscle mass Dynapenia was defined as low muscle function with normal muscle mass, Sarcopenia was defined as low muscle mass with low muscle function.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Rates of sarcopenia, presarcopenia, and dynapenia by gender
Figure 3
Figure 3
Percentage change in parameters in the dynapenia group compared to a normalized value of 1 in the normal group
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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