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Review
. 2020;100(4):753-772.
doi: 10.1007/s41745-020-00195-0. Epub 2020 Oct 27.

Transforming Health Care through Digital Revolutions

Ram D Sriram  1 , Eswaran Subrahmanian  1   2
Affiliations
Review

Transforming Health Care through Digital Revolutions

Ram D Sriram et al. J Indian Inst Sci. 2020.

Abstract

The Internet, which has spanned several networks in a broad range of domains, is having a significant impact on every aspect of our lives. The next generation of networks will utilize a wide variety of resources with significant sensing capabilities. Such networks will extend beyond physically linked computers to include multimodal-information from biological, cognitive, semantic, and social networks. This paradigm shift will involve symbiotic networks of smart medical devices, and smart phones or mobile personal computing and communication devices. These devices-and the network-will be constantly sensing, monitoring, and interpreting the environment; this is sometimes referred to as the Internet of Things (IoT). We are also witnessing considerable interest in the "Omics" paradigm, which can be viewed as the study of a domain in a massive scale, at different levels of abstraction, in an integrative manner. The IoT revolution, combined with the Omics revolution (genomics and socio-omics or social networks) and artificial intelligence resurgence, will have significant implications for the way health care is delivered in the United States. After discussing a vision for health care in the future, we introduce the P9 health care concept, followed by a discussion of a framework for smart health care. Then, we present a case study and research directions, followed by examples of ongoing work at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST).

Keywords: Cyber-physical systems; Health information technology; Internet of Things; Interoperability; Medical devices; Modeling; Ontology; P9 medicine; Social networks.

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Figures

Figure 1:
Figure 1:
Various paths leading to 21st century health care (Inspired by Jack Corley).
Figure 2:
Figure 2:
Internet of Things/cyber physical systems.
Figure 3:
Figure 3:
IoT/CPS example in a hospital room.
Figure 4:
Figure 4:
Cooperative cyber physical systems.
Figure 5:
Figure 5:
Cyber-physical human systems.
Figure 6:
Figure 6:
Smart networked system and societies.
Figure 7:
Figure 7:
Health persona.
Figure 8:
Figure 8:
Personal health record.
Figure 9:
Figure 9:
Example of an SNSS framework.
Figure 10:
Figure 10:
SNSS instantiation for asthma.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

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    1. Aranki D, Kurillo G, Bajcsy R. Smartphone based real-time health monitoring and intervention. In: Khan SU, Zomaya AY, Abbas A, editors. Handbook of large-scale distributed computing in smart healthcare. Berlin: Springer; 2017. pp. 473–514.
    1. Boeckl K et.al (2019) Considerations for managing Internet of Things (IoT) cyber security and privacy risks. NIST iR 8228
    1. Breiner S, Subrahmanian E, Sriram RD (2016) Modeling the internet of things: a foundational approach, In: Proceedings of the seventh international workshop on the web of things. pp. 38–41
    1. Breiner S, Sriram RD, Subrahmanian E. Artificial intelligence for the internet of everything. Cambridge: Academic Press; 2019. Compositional models for complex systems; pp. 241–270.

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