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. 2020 Jun 15;42(5):343-350.
doi: 10.1016/j.pld.2020.06.003. eCollection 2020 Oct.

Genetic diversity and population structure of Camellia huana (Theaceae), a limestone species with narrow geographic range, based on chloroplast DNA sequence and microsatellite markers

Shuang Li  1   2 , Shang-Li Liu  1   2 , Si-Yu Pei  1   2 , Man-Man Ning  3 , Shao-Qing Tang  1   2
Affiliations

Genetic diversity and population structure of Camellia huana (Theaceae), a limestone species with narrow geographic range, based on chloroplast DNA sequence and microsatellite markers

Shuang Li et al. Plant Divers. .

Abstract

Camellia huana is an endangered species with a narrow distribution in limestone hills of northern Guangxi and southern Guizhou provinces, China. We used one chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) fragment and 12 pairs of microsatellite (simple sequence repeat; SSR) markers to assess the genetic diversity and structure of 12 C. huana populations. A total of 99 alleles were detected for 12 polymorphic loci, and eight haplotypes and nine polymorphic sites were detected within 5200 bp of cpDNA. C. huana populations showed a low level of genetic diversity (n = 8, Hd = 0.759, Pi = 0.00042 for cpDNA, N A = 3.931, H E = 0.466 for SSRs), but high genetic differentiation between populations (F ST = 0.2159 for SSRs, F ST = 0.9318 for cpDNA). This can be attributed to the narrow distribution and limestone habitat of C. huana. STRUCTURE analysis divided natural C. huana populations into two groups, consistent with their geographical distribution. Thus, we suggest that five natural C. huana populations should be split into two units to be managed effectively.

Keywords: AMOVA, analysis of molecular variance; CTAB, cetyl trimethylammonium bromide; Camellia huana; Conservation implications; Genetic diversity; Genetic structure; PCR, polymerase chain reaction; PCoA, principal coordinate analysis; SMM, stepwise mutation model; SSC, small single-copy; SSR, simple sequence repeat; TPM, two-phased model; cpDNA, chloroplast DNA.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Camellia huana. Wild plant (a), flower (b), fruit (c).
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Distribution of 12 Camellia huana populations (see Table 1 for population codes). Distribution (a) and network (b) of cpDNA haplotypes detected among 12 populations of C. huana. In (b), the size of the circle is proportional to the frequency of each sampled haplotype and the lines on the branches indicate the number of steps separating adjacent haplotypes.
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Relationships between the number of genetic groups (K) and the estimated value delta K (ΔK) based on the SSR dataset (a). Estimated genetic clustering (K = 2) obtained with the STRUCTURE program for 12 populations of Camellia huana; each color represents a different cluster (b).
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) of SSR phenotypes from 12 populations and 358 individuals of Camellia huana.
Figs1
Figs1
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