Provider practices for the prevention of eclampsia and attitudes toward magnesium sulfate: results of a nationwide survey

Abstract

Objective: To survey OB-GYNs regarding their practice patterns and perspectives when it comes to using magnesium sulfate (magnesium) in the prevention of eclampsia.

Study design: We conducted a cross-sectional web-based 18-item survey given to 564 practicing OB-GYNs in the Pregnancy-Related Care Research Network. The survey used clinical scenarios to look at provider practices for preventing eclampsia in patients who have preeclampsia and relative contraindications to magnesium. Next, we assessed provider attitudes toward magnesium and inquired about their experiences with complications related to its use. The survey also contained an embedded educational component that addressed the signs and symptoms of magnesium toxicity followed by a 2-item quiz for those providers who self-identified as having never treated magnesium toxicity.

Results: Nearly 30% of OB-GYNs contacted completed the survey. For patients with preeclampsia and a contraindication to magnesium such as myasthenia gravis, 44.4% of respondents would administer an alternative antiepileptic and 42.5% of them would administer no antiepileptic at all. For patients with pulmonary edema complicating preeclampsia, 32.5% would give magnesium at the usual dose, 33.1% would give magnesium at less than the usual dose, 12.3% would give an alternative antiepileptic and 22.1% would give no antiepileptic at all. For patients with laboratory evidence of renal compromise complicating preeclampsia, most respondents (89.6%) said they would give magnesium at less than the usual dose. Regarding complications of magnesium that clinicians have encountered, over one-third of respondents have administered calcium gluconate for magnesium toxicity in patients with preeclampsia. For those providers who have not treated magnesium toxicity and were prompted to receive the educational component and quiz, all knew the correct initial bolus dosing of magnesium and the majority were able to identify symptoms of toxicity. The majority (81.8%) of respondents said that continuous magnesium infusions cause an increased demand for dedicated personnel to care for the patients on them. Almost 57% of respondents endorsed the need for an alternative antiepileptic to magnesium in the prevention of eclampsia. Most write-in responses supporting this need cited a concern with magnesium's safety and side effects.

Conclusion: There is wide variation among OB-GYNs regarding the prevention of eclampsia and complications of magnesium are not uncommon. The survey revealed that OB-GYNs are using alternative antiepileptics in scenarios where there is concern for magnesium's safety profile. In addition, over half of those surveyed believe there is a need for validated antiepileptics other than magnesium for the prevention of eclampsia in patients with preeclampsia. These findings suggest that OB-GYNs would support further research into alternative antiepileptics in the prevention of eclampsia.

Keywords: Magnesium; antiepileptic; eclampsia; preeclampsia; survey.