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Review
. 2020 Oct 29;12(11):686.
doi: 10.3390/toxins12110686.

Beauvericin and Enniatins: In Vitro Intestinal Effects

Alessia Bertero  1 , Paola Fossati  1 , Doriana Eurosia Angela Tedesco  1 , Francesca Caloni  1
Affiliations
Review

Beauvericin and Enniatins: In Vitro Intestinal Effects

Alessia Bertero et al. Toxins (Basel). .

Abstract

Food and feed contamination by emerging mycotoxins beauvericin and enniatins is a worldwide health problem and a matter of great concern nowadays, and data on their toxicological behavior are still scarce. As ingestion is the major route of exposure to mycotoxins in food and feed, the gastrointestinal tract represents the first barrier encountered by these natural contaminants and the first structure that could be affected by their potential detrimental effects. In order to perform a complete and reliable toxicological evaluation, this fundamental site cannot be disregarded. Several in vitro intestinal models able to recreate the different traits of the intestinal environment have been applied to investigate the various aspects related to the intestinal toxicity of emerging mycotoxins. This review aims to depict an overall and comprehensive representation of the in vitro intestinal effects of beauvericin and enniatins in humans from a species-specific perspective. Moreover, information on the occurrence in food and feed and notions on the regulatory aspects will be provided.

Keywords: Fusarium mycotoxins; beauvericin; enniatins; in vitro intestinal models; molds; species-specificity; toxicology.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Characteristics of the major in vitro models applied to the investigation of the intestinal effects of mycotoxins.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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