Corn drying temperature, particle size, and amylase supplementation influence growth performance, digestive tract development, and nutrient utilization of broilers

Abstract

Broiler live performance may be influenced by postharvest corn drying temperature, and results could depend on particle size after grinding. The supplementation with an exogenous amylase may improve performance parameters, but responses to enzymes are also affected by particle size. Two parallel experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of hard-kernel corn dried at 2 temperatures (35°C and 120°C), ground at 2 particle sizes (coarse or fine), and 3 supplementation levels (0, 133, and 266 g ton-1) of an exogenous amylase on live performance, gastrointestinal organ development, energy utilization, and nutrient digestibility. Twelve dietary treatments resulting from a 2 × 2 × 3 factorial arrangement of drying temperature, particle size, and amylase supplementation were evaluated in both experiments. A total of 1,920 day-old male chicks were randomly allocated to 96 floor pens, while 480 chicks were distributed among 4 battery brooder units. Ileal and fecal samples were collected to determine energy utilization and nutrient digestibility using titanium dioxide as inert marker. At 42 D, organs were collected, and relative weight or length was determined. Data were analyzed using a three-way ANOVA in a randomized complete block design. Feeding fine corn-based diets showed improvements on live performance for both studies. At 40 D, supplementing 266 g ton-1 of amylase improved feed conversion ratio (P < 0.05) by 1 point compared to chickens that consumed nonsupplemented diets and feed with amylase at 133 g ton-1. Broilers fed coarse corn-based diets had heavier gizzard (P < 0.001) and liver (P < 0.05) than chickens that consumed fine corn-based diets. In addition, starch digestibility was improved by amylase (P < 0.05) at 133 g ton-1 and by feeding coarse corn-based diets (P = 0.06). For chicks raised in cages (16 D), AMEn was increased (P < 0.01) by amylase supplementation regardless of its inclusion level. In conclusion, drying temperature and particle size interactions influenced broiler live performance, gastrointestinal organ development, nutrient digestibility, and energy utilization, and these parameters were improved by supplementing amylase.

Keywords: amylase supplementation; drying temperature; live performance; nutrient digestibility; particle size.