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. 2020 Oct 30;12(11):2545.
doi: 10.3390/polym12112545.

A New Approach Based on Glued Multi-Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene Forms to Fabricate Bone Replacement Products

Tarek Dayyoub  1 , Aleksey Maksimkin  1 , Fedor Senatov  1 , Sergey Kaloshkin  1 , Natalia Anisimova  2 , Mikhail Kiselevskiy  2
Affiliations

A New Approach Based on Glued Multi-Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene Forms to Fabricate Bone Replacement Products

Tarek Dayyoub et al. Polymers (Basel). .

Abstract

Three types of glue based on thiol-ene reaction, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/cellulose, and phenol formaldehyde were prepared and applied on modified ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) samples grafted by cellulose. In comparison with unmodified UHMWPE samples, T-peel tests on the modified and grafted UHMWPE films showed an increase in the peel strength values for the glues based on thiol-ene reaction, PVA/cellulose, and phenol formaldehyde by 40, 29, and 41 times, respectively. The maximum peel strength value of 0.62 Kg/cm was obtained for the glue based on phenol formaldehyde. Mechanical tests for the cylindrical multi-UHMWPE forms samples, made of porous UHMWPE as a trabecular layer and an armored layer (cortical layer) that consists of bulk and UHMWPE films, indicated an improvement in the mechanical properties of these samples for all glue types, as a result of the UHMWPE films existence and the increase in the number of their layers. The maximum compressive yield strength and compressive modulus values for the armored layer (bulk and six layers of the UHMWPE films using the glue based on thiol-ene reaction) were 44.1 MPa (an increase of 17%) and 1130 MPa (an increase of 36%), respectively, in comparison with one armored layer of bulk UHMWPE. A hemocompatibility test carried out on these glues clarified that the modified UHMWPE grafted by cellulose with glues based on PVA/cellulose and thiol-ene reaction were classified as biocompatible materials. These multi-UHMWPE forms composites can be considered a promising development for joint reconstruction.

Keywords: PVA; T-peel tests; biocompatibility; cellulose; glue; mechanical properties; phenol formaldehyde; thiol-ene reaction; ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Thiol-ene reaction. (a) molecular formulas of PETMP and TATATO; (b) and (c) mechanism of thiol-ene reaction.
Figure 2
Figure 2
The potential reactions of the glue based on PVA/Cellulose: (a) the modifying reaction of cellulose nanoparticles surface by sulfuric acid; (b) the reaction between PVA and modified cellulose nanoparticles.
Figure 3
Figure 3
The potential reactions between the modified UHMWPE surface and PVA/Cellulose glue: (a) hydroxyl groups of cellulose and sulfuric acid groups, (b) residual benzophenone and hydroxyl groups of the cellulose of the glue, (c) residual benzophenone and hydroxyl groups of the PVA of the glue.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Hydrogen bonds between cellulose and phenol formaldehyde.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Cylindrical multi-UHMWPE forms samples, which consists of 3 UHMWPE forms. The armored layer consists of bulk and films of UHMWPE; and the trabecular layer consists of porous UHMWPE.
Figure 6
Figure 6
The FT-IR spectra of the virgin UHMWPE film, treated UHMWPE film by cellulose grafting and treated UHMWPE films glued by glues based on thiol-ene reaction, PVA/Cellulose and phenol formaldehyde.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Multi-UHMWPE forms composite of porous UHMWPE (1), armored layer of highly oriented and strengthened UHMWPE films (2) and bulk UHMWPE (3).
Figure 8
Figure 8
Multi-UHMWPE forms composite of bulk (1) and porous (2) UHMWPE.
Figure 9
Figure 9
Cylindrical multi- UHMWPE forms samples, made of porous UHMWPE as trabecular layer and armored layer (cortical layer) that consists of bulk and films of UHMWPE. (a) The sample appearance in the end of the mechanical test; (b) dissected sample that shows the fixation of the glued multi- UHMWPE forms after the mechanical test.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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